关于什么是儒家传统修养问题的学理解读

The Doctrinal Interpretation about the Issue of Traditional Confucian Self-cultivation

以孔孟为代表的先秦儒家学说.在悠长的中国传统文化发展过程中.占据主体地位,具有主导作用。而修养理念在儒家学说中又具有核心地位。修养.从教育理论上来分析.实为一种自我教育,即指人的学习、求知活动是以学习者为主体主动地进行的。通过对传统文化、儒家学说、修养、自我教育四者之间存在的内在联系作系统的梳理与解读.从学理上,修养即指人们在实现自己人生目标的过程中,鉴于自身在道德、知识、技艺等方面实际存在的不足与缺陷.为提高自身在真、善、美、德、智、体、知、情、意、行等方面的精神文化素养所自觉付出的努力活动和过程,以及通过这种努力和过程在自身业已取得的积极成果。传统修养思想在我国历史上之所以能够长期存在,影响深广,是其集中反映了中华民族赖以自立自强的民族精神的结果。

The pre-Qin Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius has a dominant role in the development of long traditional Chinese culture, and the concept of self-cultivation has a core position in Confucianism. There is a relationship between "concept" and "practice" between Confucian ideology and culture and traditional self-cultivation. Traditional self-cultivation is a means of inheriting Confucianism. Through the systematic analysis and interpretation of the internal relations between traditional culture, Confucianism, self-cultivation and self-education, this paper answers the question of what is the traditional self-cultivation of Confucianism. Chinese traditional culture has a relatively constant cultural trait in the life history of the Chinese nation. Fundamentally speaking, it refers to the social life and spiritual life of the Chinese people created and influenced by the Chinese in this land for thousands of years. The Confucianism based on the Confucius and Mencius is the backbone of Chinese traditional culture. Self-cultivation is both a traditional culture and a core concept in traditional culture. It not only reflects the fundamental proposition of Confucian moral thoughts, but also reflects the consensus of the various schools in the preQin period. In terms of educational theory, self-cultivation is a kind of self-education, which means that people's learning and knowledge-seeking activities are carried out actively by learners. The fundamental characteristic of self-cultivation is the self-control and self-recognition of the inheritance of spiritual culture such as knowledge, skills, thoughts and theories. As a means of inheriting the ideological culture, self-cultivation relies mainly on its own subjective efforts, such as its own objects, knowledge, sincerity, and righteousness, rather than external forces and other laws. Therefore, from the perspective of educational theory, its essence is a kind of self-education. In summary, academically, self-cultivation refers to the efforts and processes people made in improving their spiritual and cultural qualities such as sincerity, goodness, beauty, morality, intelligence, body, knowledge, emotion, intention and behavior, as well as the positive results that have been achieved through such efforts and processes by reviewing their own deficiencies and shortcomings in morality, knowledge, skills and other aspects. If we leave moral self-cultivation, we cannot correctly understand and grasp the theory and practice of traditional Chinese ethics education and traditional Chinese education, nor understand and grasp China's traditional culture and its basic connotations. The reason why the traditional cultivation thoughts can exist for a long time in the Chinese history and have a profound influence is the result of the national spirit of self-reliance and self-improvement which the Chinese nation relies on.