蒙台梭利三大幼教经典的核心要义、主要特色和世界影响

Essentials, Main Characteristics and Global Influence of Montessori’s Three Classic Works about Preschool Education

现代西方幼儿教育大师、意大利幼儿教育家玛丽亚.蒙台梭利在致力于“儿童之家”教育实验的过程中.构建了具有时代特色的独特的幼儿教育体系,并撰写了许多幼儿教育著作。其中,《科学的幼儿教育方法》《童年的秘密》《有吸收力的心理》这三本著作分别是蒙台梭利早期、中期和后期的幼儿教育代表作,可以称为蒙台梭利三大幼儿教育经典。本文阐释了蒙台梭利三大幼儿教育经典的出版背景、主要观点、形成因素、主要特色以及世界影响。尽管本文是蒙台梭利幼儿教育经典的文本阐释,但在某种意义上,它实际上是蒙台梭利幼儿教育思想阐释,也是蒙台梭利幼儿教育精神阐释。

The modern Western preschool education master, Italian childhood educator Maria Montessori (1870-1952) was hailed by the world as "the representative of the children's century^^ through her practice and theory of Casa Dei Bambini. In 1907, Montessori founded the first Casa Dei Bambini in Rome of Italy, and began the world-famous education experiment and theoretical research on preschool education. As a modern Western preschool education master, Montessori not only devoted all her energy to the practice of preschool education, but also concentrated on the thinking of preschool education and the study of childhood development. While constructing the preschool education system with epoch characteristics, she was also active in promoting teacher education worldwide. Therefore, in the innovation of the concept and method of preschool education, Montessori has had a tremendous and far-reaching impact in the world since the 20th century. In the process of working on the education experiment of Casa Dei Bambini, Montessori constantly summed up her practical experience and wrote many books about preschool education, such as Scientific Pedagogy as Applied to Child Education (1909), which is a comprehensive summary and a practical study of the first education experiment of Casa Dei Ba mbini;Dr Mo/itessori's Ouv? Handbook (1914), which is a practical guide for childhood development and education;The Secret of Childhood (1936), which is a solution to the mystery of young children and an exposition of the concept of children's education;The Child in the Family (1936), which is a collection of her lectures in Vienna, Austria on how parents could educate their children;Education for a Nezi' World (1946), which is a collection of her lectures in Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka) and shows a new vision for nurturing people and building a new world for teachers;Discovery of the Child ( 1948), which is a brief revision of the book Scientific Pedagogy as Applied to Child Education;The Childhood Education ( 1949), which is a collection of her lectures in India and a wise thinking of preschool education;and The Absorbent Mind ( 1949), which is the lecture draft of the training course she made in Ahmedabad of India and a scientific interpretation of the psychological development of young children. Generally speaking, the three books Scientific Pedagogy as Applied to Child Education , The Secret of Childhood and The Absorbent Mind are Montessori's masterpieces of preschool education, which can be called "Montessori's Three Classic Works about Preschool Education". Based on the textual perspective, this paper explains the publishing background, essentials, formation factors, main characteristics and world influence of "Montessori's Three Classic Works about Preschool Education". Although this article is a textual interpretation of Montessori's classic works about preschool educations, in a sense, it is actually an interpretation of the educational thoughts and spirits of Montessori's preschool education.