原创型教育家与中国现代教育体系的形成

Original Educators and the Formation of China’s Modern Education System

创新型教育、创新型人才培养呼唤创新型教育家。原创型教育家是教育家的最高级类型或形式,一般产生于历史大周期的巅峰或转型时代。按照中国现代教育的“一体化说”解释框架,在中国现代教育发生发展的第一时期即体系形成时期.堪称原创型教育家者主要有张之洞、康有为、蔡元培、黄炎培、晏阳初、梁漱溟、陶行知、陈鹤琴等,他们历时半个多世纪,大约算是三代教育家。中国近现代原创型教育家的根本使命在于构建中国特色现代教育体系,这个体系包含着现代教育中国化与传统教育现代化两个方面,其变革的广度、深度和复杂度.从历史和世界范围来看都是前所未有的,都是原创性的。由此,更加突显原创型教育家的重要和伟大。

Both the innovative education and the cultivation of innovative talents call for innovative educators. During the past one or two decades, a large number of research results on educators have emerged, with the two characteristics of two major themes, two types of emphasis, and one kind of antinomies. The research on modern educators is being serialized and refined. The research on foreign educators and their influence on China, together with the combination with the teacher training and cultivation is becoming popular. The propositions of learning educators' wisdom and spirit have been brought out, and there have been some general and ontological research results about the educators. The research methods tend to be diverse, trying to explore deeper things about educators from a new perspective by using research methods of other disciplines. The types of educators can be divided according to different standards. From the perspective of their creativity degree, the original educators are the most advanced types or forms of educators, who generally arise from the peaks of the history cycle or the era of transition and whose originality is mainly reflected in four aspects. According to the integration framework of China's modern education. in the first period of the modern education development in China, which is the period of the formation of the system, there were many original educators of this type, such as Zhang Zhidong, Kang Youwei, Cai Yuanpei, Huang Yanpei, Yan Yangchu, and Liang Shumin, Tao Xingzhi, Chen Heqin. They have influenced more than half a century and can be divided into three generations of educators丒 The fundamental mission of the original educators in modern China is to build a modern education system with Chinese characteristics. This system contains two parts, one is the Sinolization of modern education and the other is the modernization of traditional education. All of the breadth, depth, and complexity of the system transformation are unprecedented and original both in history and all over the world. Therefore, the importance and greatness of the original educators are highlighted.