兴趣测评的回眸与展望

A Retrospective and Prospective Review of Interest Assessment

兴趣测评是对兴趣的测量和评价,学习兴趣测评和职业兴趣测评是其两大构成。兴趣测评的发展呈现出以下特点:在测量技术不成熟时,以定性评价为主,侧重论述兴趣在教育目标和课程教学计划中的价值;受心理测量技术的影响,兴趣量表随之出现,并广泛应用于教育、培训、组织与人事管理等领域。职业兴趣测评是在继承、借鉴、融合的基础上发展的,在兴趣测评历史中占主体地位;学习兴趣测评的发展却经历了波折,尤其是从行为主义心理学兴起到认知心理学革命之后相当长一段时间内,学习兴趣测评都被排除在心理学研究的大门之外,曾一度被动机、情感、态度等相关研究所取代,直到20世纪90年代后才又复苏。学习兴趣测评的发展水平不及职业兴趣测评,至今仍存在研究理论分散和研究结果孤立等问题。未来兴趣测评有着良好的发展环境和空间,将随着现代信息技术、现代测量技术、统计学、脑科学及交叉学科的技术突破而发展,并有可能在情绪评价框架下发展出整合较好的兴趣测评理论,推动兴趣研究到达新高度。

Interest assessment is the measurement and evaluation of interest, which includes learning interest and occupational interest. The development of interest assessment presents following features. First, it is developed along with the psychometrics technologies. When the measurement technology was immature, interest assessment was mainly based on qualitative evaluations, placing emphasis on the value of interest in educational objective, curriculum and teaching program. Under the influence of psychometric technologies, interest scales are emerged and widely applied in education, training, personnel management and other realms. Second, occupational interest assessment plays a predominant role in the interest assessment history. The main reason was many occupational interest assessment theories and scales had referenced and integrated with each other. Third, learning interest assessment is also an important aspect of interest assessment, but its development experienced the ups and downs丒 This feature was noticeable especially during the period from the rise of behaviorism to the revolution of cognitivism when learning interest assessment was replaced by motivation, emotion and attitude assessment. Learning interest assessment developed scarcely until 1980s. As a result, its development can't catch up with the occupational interest assessment, with existing problems such as the scattered theory studies and isolated research results. In the future, interest assessment has a favorable development environment and space, and will develop with modern information technology, advanced measurement techniques, statistics, brain science and interdisciplinary technological breakthroughs. It may bring forth a well-integrated interest assessment theory under the framework of emotional evaluation, thus pushing the development of interest research to a new level.