宋代交聘行记中的文化景观及其夷夏之辨

On the Cultural Landscape in Song Dynasty's Travel Notes and the Differentiation between Yi and Xia

宋代外患严重,夷夏之防较之前代逐渐转严。虽然夷夏之辨的核心是文化,但是宋人在面对外部世界时总表现出前所未有的排斥情绪,文化反而到了次要的位置。宋使出使辽、金,有机会亲历"夷"地,他们在旅行记中详细记录了辽金的饮食、服饰、礼仪等,是了解宋人夷夏观念最直接有效的材料。宋人面对这一切,并没有像唐人一样表现出开放的姿态,而是拒之于千里之外,更多的是厌恶情绪和不屑的态度。文化景观虽说是显性的,但在这些表象的记录之下有深层次的文化驱动。宋人因高度发达的文化引以为豪,然而外患的压迫又使他们的内心高度自卑,当他们面对"夷狄"文化时,内在的修养与外在的感知交织在一起,心态异常复杂。

In the Song Dynasty, foreign invasion was serious, and the prevention of Yixia was becoming stricter than that of the previous dynasties. Although the core of the debate between Yixia and Yixia is culture, Song people always show unprecedented rejection in the face of the outside world, and culture is in a secondary position. The envoys of the Song Dynasty to Liao and Jin Dynasty had the opportunity to experience the " Yi " land. They recorded the diet, clothing and etiquette of Liao and Jin Dynasty in detail in their travel notes, which was the most direct and effective material to understand the concept of Yi and Xia of the Song people. In the face of all this, the Song people did not show the same open attitude as the Tang people, but refused to go thousands of miles away. They were more disgusted and disdainful. Although the cultural landscape is dominant, there is a deep cultural drive in the record of these images. Song people are proud of their highly developed culture, but the pressure of foreign invasion makes their inner self-abased. When they face the " Yi Di " culture, their inner self-cultivation and external perception are intertwined, and their mentality is extremely complex.