《民法总则》第126条中的权利和利益解释

Interpretation on Rights and Interests in Article 126 of the General Rules of the Civil Law

《民法总则》第126条作为"民事权利"一章的兜底性条款规定"法律规定的其他民事权利和利益"受本条保护,大部分学者认为这里的"权利和利益"都必须由"法律规定"才能获得保护。但是从权利概念的本质上来看,我国通说法力说认为权利乃是法律赋予强制力的利益,也就是说强调利益必须由法律做出规定的解释模式会产生对第126条中的利益在实质上是一种"权利"的困境,从而使第126条的兜底性范围大大限缩。所以,正确的解释模式应当将"法律规定的其他民事权利"和"利益"并列理解,在回归权利的法力说本质的同时,最大限度地发挥利益的补充性作用。

As a miscellaneous provision in the Chapter of Civil Rights, the article 126 of the General Rules of the Civil Law of the PRC stipulates that "the civil subjects enjoy other civil rights and interests as prescribed by law." Most scholars believe that only the rights and interests prescribed by law shall be protected. However, about the essence of the concept of rights, the theory of the law force, which is generally accepted in China, argues that rights are the interests coercively given under the force of law. That is to say, to interpret that the interests must be prescribed by law will cause a dilemma that the interests in Article 126 belong to "rights" in essence, therefore greatly limiting the scope of the Article 126. Therefore,"other civil rights stipulated by law" and "interests" should be correctly interpreted as two parallel terms, and thus returning to the essence of rights in the theory of law force and maximizing the complementary role of interests.