从庇护性就业到支持性就业——对广东省残疾人工作整合型社会企业的多个案研究

From Sheltered Employment to Supported Employment: Multiple Case Studies on Work Integration Social Enterprises for the Disabled in Guangdong

为适应经济社会的转型发展和残疾人多层次的就业与康复需求,我国残疾人就业模式日益多元化。作为一种新兴的残疾人就业模式,工作整合型社会企业旨在为残疾人提供支持性就业,以促进残疾人的社会融合。作为一种新兴的组织类型,工作整合型社会企业兼具市场、社会与政府三重维度的混合价值取向,致力于运用市场机制解决残疾人所面临的社会问题。工作整合型社会企业在创新残疾人就业模式、促进残疾人社会融合、增加残疾人经济收入、提升残疾人康复服务等方面有着积极作用,但其发展仍处于初级阶段,在专业人员培养、商业运营能力、目标人群覆盖面、政策扶持及法律保障等方面面临不少挑战。整体而言,工作整合型社会企业及其倡导的支持性就业与"重康复、轻就业"的庇护性就业模式并非全然排斥,而是一种相辅相成、前后相继的共融关系,共同塑造我国残疾人就业的多元格局。

The Employment patterns for the disabled in China are becoming increasi ngly diverse in order to adapt to the changes in the economic and social development and meet the multi-level rehabilitati on and employment demands of the disabled. Work Integration Social Enterprise (WISE) is aimed at providing supported employment opportunities for the disabled and promoting social integration as an emerging employment pattern. WISE is designed to solve the problems of the disabled by means of market mecha nism and has a mixed value orie ntation which in eludes commercial value, social value and policy value. WISE has played a positive role in innovating employment pattern, promoting social integration, increasing economic income , improving rehabilitation service for the disabled, but its development still faces many challenges in development of professionals, commercial operati on capability, target population coverage, policy support and legal safeguards. Gen erally speaki ng, the supported employme nt advocated by WISE and the sheltered employment are symbiotic relations rather than exclusion relations, they together shape the multiplex employment pattern for the disabled in China.