城乡分割视野下残疾人的就业现状、成因及其差异效应

Current Situation, Factors of Employment and Differential Effects of People with Disabilities from the Perspective of Urban-Rural Segmentation

城乡残疾人的就业,事关全面建成小康社会目标的实现,厘清城乡残疾人就业率系统差异是重要前提。基于第五轮"中国居民收入调查"数据,采用Probit模型分析显示已婚、自评健康良好、未参与最低生活保障、具备党员身份的男性残疾人比其他残疾人群体就业状况更好。但农村残疾人潜在工作经验就业回报的效应强于对城镇残疾人的作用;城镇残疾人群的教育和最低生活保障就业效应存在显著的性别差异,但在农村残疾人群上述变量的性别差异效应不显著。因此,应积极制定差异化的城乡人力资本政策,加强对城乡残疾居民就业的政治引导和社会支持,健全城乡残疾人全面康复服务保障,完善城乡残疾人最低生活保障制度。

The issue on the employment of the urban and rural people with disabilities is the critical to the government to win the tough battle against poverty alleviation. It is an important prerequisite to formulate a precise poverty alleviation policy for the disabled to clarify the systematic differences in employment causes between urban and rural areas. Based on the data of the fifth rou nd China residents' in come project, the paper in vestigates the causes and differe ntiation effects of employment of urban and rural disabilities. The result shows that the married, self-rated healthy, non-participating in the minimum living security, and male disabled people with party membership obtain better employment status than other groups of disabled people. However, the potential working experienee of rural disabled people is more effective than that of urban disabled people. There is a significant gender differenee in the employment effect of education and minimum living security for urban disabled people, but the gender differenee effect of the above variables is not significant in rural disabled people. Therefore, we should actively formulate differentiated policies for human capital investment in urban and rural areas, gradually eliminate gender discrimination in the job market strengthen political guidanee and social support for the employment of people with disabilities in urban and rural areas, improve comprehensive rehabilitation services for disabled people in urban and rural areas, and improve the system of ensuring a minimum Standard of living for disabled people in urban and rural areas.