论正当防卫中必要限度条件的激活

Activation on the Condition of Exceeding the Necessary Limit in Legitimate Defense

我国刑法规定,认定防卫过当需同时满足明显超过必要限度和造成重大损害两个条件,而司法实践中"唯结果论"的倾向,在一定程度上导致明显超过必要限度这一条件的虚置,制约了正当防卫制度功能的发挥。激活明显超过必要限度这一条件,需要重申明显超过必要限度的必要性标准与比例性标准的内涵,并且设定防卫限度判断的规范路径,将比例性判断置于必要性判断之前。

In our criminal law, two conditions will be necessary when meeting the identification of improper defense: obviously exceeding the necessary limit and causing major damage, but the tendency of " only result" in judicial practice leads to a certain extent that the condition of obviously exceeding the necessary limit is invalid, which greatly restricting the function of the legitimate defense system. To activate the condition of obviously exceeding the necessary limit, it is necessary to reaffirm the connotation of the principle of necessity and proportional, and set the normative path of the defense limit judgment, and put the proportional judgment before the necessity judgment.