要素市场化配置的主要障碍与改革对策

Market-oriented Factor Allocation Mechanism: Barriers and Countermeasures

要素市场化配置要求在要素配置手段、方式和结果上,强化市场化导向,其结果有利于提升资源配置效率、优化经济结构、改善收入分配。当前,要素市场化配置的主要障碍,既有市场垄断行为多发、资源环境要素外部性难以内部化导致的内生性扭曲,也有要素市场双轨运行、区域性和行业性市场壁垒、政策直接干预等政策性扭曲。要素市场扭曲造成资源配置效率和经济运行效率低下,制约技术进步和经济发展质量提升,并诱发经济中的结构性矛盾。促进要素市场化配置必须优化政府管理经济的方式,维护要素市场公平竞争秩序,加快推进重点要素市场化改革,进一步完善要素价格形成机制,并加快推进要素市场相关配套改革。

Market-oriented factor allocation requires to make the market play a key role in the means,methods and results of factor allocation.Market-oriented factor allocation will enhance the efficiency of resource allocation,optimize economic structure and improve income distribution.At present,the main barriers to the market-oriented factor allocation include not only the endogenous distortion caused by monopoly and externality,but also the policy distortion caused by dual-track operation of factor markets,regional and industrial market barriers,and direct intervention by economic policy.Distortion of factor market results in low allocative efficiency and operating efficiency,restricts technological progress and quality improvement,and induces the structural problems in the economy.To promote the market-oriented factor allocation,it is necessary to optimize the way of economic management by government,maintain the fair competition order of factor markets,accelerate the market-oriented reform of key factors,further improve the formation mechanism of factor prices,and accelerate the comprehensive supporting reform.