形式论在当代中国

Formal Criticism in China

形式论,是一种文艺批评方法,这种方法从文本的形式作为切入点,进而讨论此种文学形式隐含的文化意义,讨论产生这种形式的社会条件,或产生这种文学的历史进程。形式论并不是西方专利,中国文论从古代起就不知疲倦地讨论文学艺术的形式规律。今日的符号学、叙述学、风格学、文体学、修辞学等,是形式论的分支,新批评、俄国形式主义、布拉格学派、结构主义与后结构主义符号学,是二十世纪下半期轮流进入中国的形式论派别。本文对二十世纪中国形式论的进程,及其历史教训逐个分析总结,强调其中最突出的人物(巴赫金、洛特曼、詹姆逊)的影响,并分别予以总结。

Formal criticism is a literary and cultural theory, which starts with a formal analysis of the text and, based on that, discusses the cultural implications, the social-historical conditions. Semiotics,narratology, stylistics, rhetoric, are branches of formal criticism. The New Criticism, Russian Formalism, Prague School, Structuralist-Poststructuralist semiotics have been the schools that arrived in China respectively during the second half of the last century. The present essay attempts to summarize the historical process of the arrival of formalist schools in China, as well as the lessons we could learn from it today. Emphasis is devoted to the most outstanding figures in the process: Bakhtin, Lotman, and Jameson.