虚拟现实技术在心血管外科手术教学培训中的初步应用研究

Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Teaching and Training of Cardiovascular Surgery

目的:基于计算机断层摄影术(CT)数据制作部分类型先天性心脏病的虚拟现实(VR)教材,使学员能够对部分先天性心脏病的病理性解剖结构产生直观而准确的认识。方法:选取部分先天性心脏病病种的典型CT图像(包括房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、法乐四联症、肺动脉闭锁、右心室双出口),将图像导入到影通和Unity3D软件中。经过阈值调节、三维重建、分割、渲染等操作构建心脏3D模型。将3D模型通过影通VR软件输出到头戴式显示器(HMD)中,学员佩戴HMD即可全方位观看心脏的解剖结构。在系统地学完VR课程后,学员填写一份调查问卷以评价VR教材的教学效果。结果:我们成功构建了先天性心脏病的VR教材,共有18名学员体验了VR课程。问卷结果显示教材有着良好的交互性和沉浸感。18位学员问卷的平均分为44.6分,标准差为3.7分,平均分显著高于持中立态度的分值(t=16.9,P<0.01),学员对学习效果的评价倾向于积极。所有学员均未出现视觉和位置觉相关的不适。结论:基于VR的教学方式具有良好的教学效果。我们制作的VR教材精确地展现了心脏的解剖结构,能够满足心血管外科学的培训要求。

Objectives: To create the virtual reality(VR) images for congenital heart disease(CHD) based on CT data, and to help students to learn the pathological anatomy structure of CHD precisely and intuitively.Methods: Typical CT images from some types of CHD(including atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, and double outlet tract of right ventricle) were selected. The selected CT images of CHD were inputted into the Yingtong and Unity 3D software. A 3D heart model was constructed with a series of processes and methods such as threshold adjusting, 3D reconstruction, segmentation, and rendering. The 3D model was outputted to the head-mounted display(HMD) through the Yingtong VR software, and students could wear the HMD and view the anatomic structure of the heart omnidirectionally. After systematically VR viewing, the participants were requested to fill in a questionnaire to evaluate the learning effect post viewing the applied VR images. Results: We successfully constructed VR images of selected types of CHD. A total of 18 students experienced the VR courses. Questionnaire analysis showed that the VR course could provide satisfying interactivity and immersion to subjects. The average score of the questionnaire was significantly higher than that of the neutral attitude score(t=16.9, P<0.01). The students’ evaluation of the VR images was positive. No student complained discomfort associated with visual sense and topognosis.Conclusions: The VR-based teaching model can provide vivid and immersive images of CHD, which can present precisely anatomic structure of the heart and meet the requirements of cardiovascular surgery.