海洋气象观测技术研发进展

Progress of the marine meteorological observation technologies

海洋覆盖地球70%以上的面积,由于没有陆地上布设气象观测站网的便利性,使得海上气象观测资料严重不足,难以支撑对海上和来自海上高影响天气过程的深入研究以及预报准确性的提高。为了加强海上气象观测能力的建设,本文对气象海洋卫星、大气探测飞机、岛屿气象站、海上浮漂和岸基雷达等观测平台及技术进行了综述,并对未来基于无人驾驶平台的智能海洋气象探测技术进行展望。

High impact weathers, such as torrential rain and strong wind associated with typhoons, heavy fog and severe convection occur frequently not only in the big island area but also in the economically developed coastal regions. Each year a lot of disasters including property and even life loss are caused by these severe weathers. Collection of marine weather data in real-time is essential to improving the model prediction and thus weather services in the marine and coastal areas. To this end, a variation of marine meteorological observation techniques(including satellite remote sensing, aircraft observation, buoy network, island-based stations and coastal weather radars) is required and has been developed. An overview on these techniques is presented and followed with some outlooks.