从社会文化视角审视NBA联盟裁判员公信力本源

On the Origin of the NBA Referee's Credibility from the Sociological Perspective

篮球运动作为同场对抗集体项目,由于其竞技特点成为商业化和社会化程度最高的项目之一,也使其在执裁方面最具难度和易受质疑,因此整个国际社会对于该项目的执裁人员具有较高的公信力诉求。而世界篮球商业化程度最高的美国职业篮球联盟(NBA),其裁判员的公信力和高度的权威性也在整个篮球界得到了普遍认可。研究抛开以往的技术层面视角,尝试从社会文化视角探索NBA裁判公信力的根源。通过研究发现:NBA裁判员公信力的构建有着深厚的社会文化根源;以往认定影响公信力的最重要的因素——较高的执裁水平其实也是这些根源促成的结果。契约精神、资本主义制度、对体育的教育功能的认知和需求以及大众体育传媒的正确引导,才是影响裁判员公信力最深厚的社会文化因素。

As a competing confrontational group project, basketball has become one of the most commercialized and socialized projects because of its competitive characteristics, making it the most difficult and questionable in the ruling. Therefore, the entire international community is concerned about the project. The dictator has a high credibility claim. The professional basketball league ( NBA), the world's most commercialized basketball player, has been widely recognized by the referees for its credibility and high authority. The research puts aside the previous technical perspective and attempts to explore the roots of the NBA referee' s credibility from a social and cultural perspective. Through research, it is found that the construction of the credibility of NBA referees has deep social and cultural roots;the most important factor that has been identified as affecting credibility in the past-the higher level of adjudication is actually the result of these root causes. The spirit of contract, the capitalist system, the cognition and demand for the educational function of sports, and the correct guidance of the mass sports media are the most profound social and cultural factors that influence the referee' s credibility.