近代来华西人在江南的科学实践(1842-1953)

The Scientific Activity of the Jesuits in Kiang-nan(1842-1953)

本文尝试运用科学知识社会学(Sociology of Scientific Knowledge)的视角,以耶稣会士19世纪后半叶至20世纪前半叶在江南地区的科学实践为对象,通过爬梳、解读散见于各类档案、方志、报刊和日记等的中、法文文献,分析文化资本、经济支持和政治权力对科学场运作的重要影响,揭示在修会传统、科学话语和社会情境等共同参与的科学知识建构过程中,科学工作和宗教信仰之间的密切关系,宗教扩张与世俗化模式之间的紧密合作以及社会力量所导致的科学自律性相对化。

From the perspective of the sociology of scientific knowledge and the scientific practices of Jesuits in Kiang-nan from the second half of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, this paper attempts to analyze the important influenee of cultural capital, economic support and political power on the operation of scientific field by reviewing and interpreting Chinese and French documents scattered in various archives, local Chronicles, newspapers and journals, to reveal the close relationship between scientific work and religious belief, the close cooperation between religious expansion and secularization patterns, and the relativization of scientific self-discipline caused by social forces in the construction of scientific knowledge in which the traditional scientific discourse and social context of the Jesuit order are involved.