中国特色独立监察程序下非法证据排除规则的制度建构

The Institutional Establishment of Illegal Evidence Exclusion Rule:Under the Background of Independent Supervision Procedure with Chinese Characteristics

作为监察体制改革的核心内容之一,中国特色独立监察程序正在得到全面系统的推进。证据是程序的灵魂,有效获取和审查证据是程序存在的根本价值。监察证据内部流转于监察程序,外部衔接于刑事诉讼程序,因此取证行为的合法性审查应有内、外部之分。就内部而言,《中华人民共和国监察法》就非法证据排除之规定相对笼统,需进一步细化。重点聚焦于证据审核的法律性保障,启动程序之设计应贯彻主体多元化与标准客观化,审理程序应实现线性结构下信息有效沟通,程序结果方面建立差异化的排除模式。就外部而言,法庭应严守刑事法治理念,实现证据审查的实质化,改变管辖以保障法官中立地位,建立监察人员出庭制度及录音录像移送制度。

As a core part of the reform of supervision system, the independent supervision procedure with Chinese characteristics is now experiencing a thorough and systematic development. The supervisory evidence circulates in both supervisory procedure and criminal procedure. So, legal review mechanism should involve two patterns, inner and outer. As for the former, supervisory law only has general regulation for illegal evidence exclusion rule, calling for refining. The most important part lies in keeping its legitimacy and preventing the political issues from being intervened: the initiation of the system should be operated by different subjects under objective standards;the hearing system should realize effective information communication and the outcomes should be differentiated for exclusion. As for the latter, the court ought to build a substantive evidence examination system: to change the jurisdiction and keep the neutrality of judges ,and to build the system of supervisors 5 court attendance and the delivery of videos and tapes.