益生性植物乳杆菌发酵乳调节肠道菌群结构的研究

Study on regulation of intestinal flora structure by probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum fermented milk

利用分离自西藏灵菇的益生性植物乳杆菌YW11菌株制备发酵乳,通过体外模拟人体消化和发酵,采用高通量测序技术16S rRNA对肠道菌群的多样性和组成结构进行分析。植物乳杆菌发酵乳与粪便共培养4 h能增加肠道微生态中菌群的丰富度和多样性,共培养时间延长至12 h,丰富度和多样性有所下降(P<0.05)。植物乳杆菌发酵乳能改变肠道生态菌群的结构:在门水平,降低了厚壁菌群的丰度,增加了放线菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度;在属水平上,植物乳杆菌发酵乳可减少产丁酸的毛螺旋菌、罗斯氏菌、瘤胃球菌属菌群的丰度,增加产乳酸的双歧杆菌、乳酸菌有益菌的丰度,降低丹毒丝菌属有害菌的丰度。考拉杆菌属与培养时间呈正相关且相关性较强,布劳特氏菌属、拟杆菌属、罕见小球菌属的丰度随着培养时间的延长而下降。研究结果可为益生菌乳制品的开发提供依据。

To study the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented milk on intestinal flora, L. plantarum YW11 isolated from Tibetan kefir was used to prepare fermented milk. The intestine digestion and fermentation were simulated in vitro. The high-throughput sequencing technology 16 S rRNA was used to analyze the diversity and composition of intestinal flora. The results showed that L. plantarum fermented milk could increase the richness and diversity of the bacterial flora in the intestinal microecology(P<0.05).L. plantarum fermented milk could change the structure of the intestinal flora, reduce the abundance of Firmicutes and increase the abundance of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. At the genus level, L. plantarum fermented milk reduced the abundance of Lachnospira, Roseburia and Ruminococcus producing butyric acid, increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria producing lactic acid, and reduced the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae. The correlation between Phascolarctobacterium and the culture time was the strongest, and it was positively correlated. The abundance of the Blautia, Bacteroides, and Subdoligranulum decreased with the prolongation of culture time. The results of this study can provide a basis for the development of probiotic dairy products.