特朗普时期美国对华出口管制的最新趋势与应对策略

The Latest Trend of US Export Control to China in Trump Period and Its Countermeasure

除了传统的关税工具,高技术出口管制也正悄然成为美国在经济上制裁我国的重要工具。2018年8月13日,美国《2018年出口管制改革法案》(ECRA)签署生效,宣告特朗普政府正式开始出口管制改革。美国当前对我国实施的高技术出口管制呈现出总体更为严格、管制行业和企业更有针对性的特点。逐渐加强管制无疑会加大中美贸易逆差,影响两国技术进步。此次改革对我国针对性较强,法案内容预示美国将在新兴技术、国防技术方面对我国加强管制。对此,本文在总结美国对华高技术出口管制特点、原因、趋势的基础上提出针对性政策建议。

Since Trump came to power,China-US trade friction have been escalating.In addition to traditional tariff tools,abusing long arm jurisdiction to control high-tech exports is quietly becoming an important tool for the United States to sanction China economically.On August 13,2018,the United States Export Control Reform Act 2018(ECRA)was signed into force,announcing the beginning of this round of reform.The current high-tech export control imposed by the United States on China is generally more stringent.The control industries and enterprises have specific characteristics.The gradual strengthening of the control will undoubtedly increase the trade deficit between China and the United States and affect the technological progress of the two countries.This reform has strong pertinence to China.The content of the bill indicates that the United States will strengthen its control over China in emerging technology and defense technology.In this regard,based on the summary of the history,reasons and characteristics of the United States high-tech control over China,this paper puts forward targeted policy recommendations.