游离股前外侧皮瓣修复烧伤后小腿环形大面积软组织缺损的临床效果

Clinical effect of free anterolateral thigh flap in repairing large annular soft tissue defect of lower leg after burn

目的探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复烧伤后小腿环形大面积软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2014年1月—2018年12月,郑州市第一人民医院收治烧伤后小腿环形大面积软组织缺损患者9例,其中1例双小腿均有创面。清创后创面面积为16cm×11cm^38cm×21cm,切取面积为18cm×12cm^32cm×24cm游离股前外侧皮瓣修复。术中将胫后血管或胫前血管与旋股外侧血管通过手工或采用微血管吻合器行端端吻合。对于患肢受区血管无吻合条件者,另切取面积为10cm×8cm^15cm×10cm健侧小腿内侧皮瓣并将其制成皮管,将该皮瓣中胫后血管与游离股前外侧皮瓣血管吻合,桥式交叉游离移植股前外侧皮瓣修复患侧小腿创面,4~5周后断蒂。供瓣区移植大腿中厚皮。记录患者治疗结局、皮瓣包含穿支数量、受区吻合血管,统计并比较手工与微血管吻合器吻合血管时间,记录血管通畅情况、游离移植方法、随访情况。对数据行两独立样本的Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果本组9例患者的10个游离皮瓣及皮片全部成活,均为Ⅰ期手术封闭创面。7个皮瓣各包含2条穿支,3个皮瓣各包含3条穿支。6个受区吻合血管为胫后血管,4个受区吻合血管为胫前血管。采用微血管吻合器吻合12条静脉,手工吻合8条静脉及10条动脉,前一种方法吻合血管耗时为4.00(3.55,4.38)min,明显短于后一种方法的12.80(12.13,13.40)min(W=78.00,P<0.01)。静脉和动脉血管通畅率为100%,均未因血管吻合出现血管危象。3例患者行桥式交叉游离移植,其余患者行常规游离移植。随访3~30个月,患者大腿供瓣区运动功能良好,无麻木、疼痛不适,可见瘢痕增生。4例患者小腿受区移植皮瓣稍显臃肿,其他患者对外观表示满意;患肢行走功能逐渐恢复。结论应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复烧伤后小腿环形大面积软组织缺损效果较好,是较安全可靠的临床保肢方法。术中应用微血管吻合器吻合静脉能够缩短血管吻合时间,有较大的临床应用价值。

Objective To explore the clinical effect of free anterolateral thigh flap in repairing large annular soft tissue defect of lower leg after burn. Methods From January 2014 to December 2018, 9 patients with large annular soft tissue defects of lower legs after burns were hospitalized in Zhengzhou First People′s Hospital, including 1 case with wounds on both legs. After debridement, area of wounds was 16 cm×11 cm-38 cm×21 cm, and the burn wounds were repaired with free anterolateral thigh flaps in the area of 18 cm×12 cm-32 cm×24 cm. End-to-end anastomosis of posterior tibial vessels or anterior tibial vessels with lateral circumflex femoral vessels was performed in manual way or by microvascular stapler. For the affected legs without condition for anastomosis, the sound medial lower leg flaps with areas of 10 cm×8 cm-15 cm×10 cm were excised and made into skin tubes, the posterior tibial vessels of the flaps were anastomosed with the vessels of free anterolateral femoral flaps, and the wounds of the injured lower legs were repaired by bridge-type cross-over free transplantation of anterolateral thigh flaps. The pedicles were broken 4 to 5 weeks later. The donor site was transplanted with autologous intermediate split-thickness skin graft from thigh. The outcome of the treatment, the number of perforators included in the flaps, and the anastomotic vessel in the recipient area of patients were recorded. The anastomosis time between manual way and microvascular staplers was recorded and compared. The patency of blood vessels, methods of free transplantation, and follow-up condition were recorded. Data were processed with Wilcoxon rank sum test for two independent samples. Results All the 10 free flaps and skin grafts of 9 patients survived, and all the wounds were closed by primary operation. Seven flaps contained two perforators each, and three flaps contained three perforators each. The anastomotic vessels were posterior tibial vessels in 6 recipient areas and anterior tibial vessels in 4 recipient areas. Microvascular stapler was used to anastomose 12 veins, while 8 veins and 10 arteries were anstomosed manually. The time consumed by the former method was 4.00 (3.55, 4.38) min, significantly shorter than 12.80 (12.13, 13.40) min of the latter (W=78.00, P<0.01). The patency rates of veins and arteries were 100%. There was no vascular crisis due to vascular anastomosis. Three patients underwent bridge-type cross-over free transplantation, while the others underwent conventional free transplantation. Follow-up for 3 to 30 months showed that the donor site of the thigh had good motor function, without numbness or pain, but hypertrophy of scar could be seen. Four patients had slightly overstaffed flaps transplanted in the recipient area of the lower legs, while the other patients were satisfied with their appearance, and the walking function of the affected limbs gradually recovered. Conclusions Free anterolateral thigh flap transplantation is a safe and reliable clinical limb salvage method for the repair of large annular soft tissue defect of lower leg after burn. Intraoperative application of microvascular stapler for venous anastomosis can shorten the time of vascular anastomosis and has great clinical application value.