疑问代词“怎么”的惊异义及其句法后果

On the Mirative Meaning of “Zenme” and Its Syntactic Consequence

本文首先将"怎么"分为"怎么1"、"怎么2"和"怎么3",指出"怎么1"和"怎么2"意义和用法上的差异。然后,从"惊异"视角出发,指出"怎么2"和"怎么3"可以表示惊异义。其中,"怎么3"是由"怎么2"虚化而来的,可以视为汉语里的一个独立的惊异标记。"怎么"的惊异义所带来的句法后果是造成了"怎么1"和"怎么2"在句法上的种种差异和对立。

This paper mainly discusses the mirative meaning of “Zenme” with its syntactic consequence in mandarin Chinese.It firstly divides Zenme into “Zenme1”“Zenme2”“Zenme3”,and reveals the differences in meaning and usage between Zenme1 and Zenme2.From the perspective of Mirativity,it points out “Zenme2” and “Zenme3” can express mirative meaning.Especially,“Zenme3”,which is grammaticalized from “Zenme2”,can be viewed as an independent mark of mirativity in mandarin Chinese.In addition,this paper highlights the syntactic consequence of Zenme’s mirative meaning is leading to the syntactic differences between “Zenme1” and “Zenme2”.