中医祝由疗法源流考

Research on the Origin and Development of Zhu You Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine

[目的]研究在历史上曾经盛极一时并为"中医十三科"之一的祝由疗法的起源、发展及其在现代中医治疗中的演化和应用。[方法]通过查阅中医药古籍文献和现代相关研究成果,结合相关典籍原文和医案,系统梳理祝由疗法的源流及历史发展演变脉络,探究祝由疗法在现代的作用形式。[结果]祝由疗法起源于上古时期的巫术,作为中医疗法首见于《黄帝内经》。其在历史上经历了先秦时期的萌芽、春秋战国至魏晋时期的发展、隋唐到明清时期的兴盛、近现代的衰落与重构的过程,因其蕴含着综合治疗的内涵,现今主要以原始巫术、情志疗法、导引气功三种形式保留。[结论]祝由疗法经历漫长的演变,其不合理的成分逐渐被淘汰,剩下的精华部分仍然在当今的中医治疗中发挥重要作用。

[Objective]To study the origin and development of Zhu You therapy,which is one of the thirteen branches of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and its evolution and application in modern TCM treatment.[Methods]By consulting ancient Chinese medicine literature and modern related research,combining with the original texts and medical cases of relevant classics,the historical origin,development and evolution of Zhu You therapy were systematically sorted out.[Result]Zhu You therapy originated from witchcraft in the ancient times.As a traditional Chinese medicine therapy,Zhu You therapy was first seen in Huangdi Neijing.It had gone through the process of germination(in the pre-Qin period),development(from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to Wei-Jin and Southern-Northern Dynasties period),prosperity(from Sui and Tang Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties) and decline and reconstruction(in modern times) in history.Nowadays,because it contains the connotation of comprehensive treatment,it is mainly retained in three forms: Primitive witchcraft,emotional therapy and Chinese physical exercises like Qigong and Daoyin.[Conclusion]The unreasonable contents of Zhu You therapy are gradually eliminated after a series of evolutions,while the remaining essence still plays an important role in the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine nowadays.