肥料对延胡索品质和重金属积累的影响

Effects of Fertilizer on Corydalis yanhusuo Quality and Heavy Metal Accumulation

为了探讨肥料中氮磷和有机质对延胡索(Corydalis yanhusuo)品质和重金属积累的影响,文章以延胡索为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,研究了氮磷和有机质对延胡索块茎药性品质、产量及积累重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的影响。结果表明:施用适宜浓度的氮肥,能促使延胡索块茎生长旺盛,与对照CK(不施用氮磷和有机质)相比可显著增加延胡索产量和(药性)品质(显著增加块茎中延胡索乙素含量46.34%),显著增加延胡索块茎的产量50.64%。而磷和有机质对延胡索药性品质和产量与CK相比无显著差异;施用适宜浓度氮磷和有机质时,随着延胡索块茎生长,重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn含量呈下降趋势,到了收获期重金属含量达到最低,均低于国家食品卫生标准;在收获期,与对照CK相比,施用适宜浓度的氮肥显著增加延胡索块茎中Cd、Pb含量23.40%和30.43%,施用适宜浓度有机肥显著降低延胡索块茎Cd、Cr和Zn含量41.67%、54.17%和10.36%。因此,在生产实践中应权衡药用植物经济产量和药性品质与药用植物重金属积累之间的平衡,并通过减量施氮和施用适宜浓度有机质的施肥措施既增产和提高其品质,又能减少药用植物对重金属的吸收,从而保障中药材的安全。

In order to identify the quality and heavy metal accumulation effect involving the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter, pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter on Corydalis yanhusuo tuber of the medicinal quality, production and accumulation of heavy metal Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Results of the field experiment are encouraging. A significant change was obtained in the medicinal quality and production of C. yanhusuo under different fertilizer application rates. The content of tetrahydroxene of C. yanhusuo in nitrogen fertilizer treatments were significantly improved which were 46.34% higher than CK. Production of C. yanhusuo in nitrogen fertilizer treatments were significantly improved which were 50.64% higher than CK. On the other hand, phosphorus and organic matter treatment had no obvious in fluence on the medicinal quality and production of C. yanhusuo than CK. In the harvest period, compared with the control CK, the suitable concentration of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the content of Cd, Pb in the tuber of C. yanhusuo by 23.40% and 30.43%, and the suitable concentration of organic fertilizer significantly decreased the Cd, Cr and Zn content of 41.67%, 54.17% and 10.36% respectively. Therefore the economic yield and heavy metal accumulation of C. yanhusuo in planting practice should be well balanced, then the heavy metal uptake of C. yanhusuo would be reduced which could ensure the safety of agricultural products by modest reducing nitrogen and applying appropriate concentrations of organic matter.