基于改进关键链法的高速公路建设项目进度管理

Schedule Management of Expressway Project Based on Improved Critical Chain Method

高速公路建设项目进度管理一直是施工单位和政府主管部门面临的主要问题之一。结合高速公路建设项目进度管理中存在的资源受限度高、工序约束度大、施工团队不确定因素多等特点,对关键链技术进行改进,提出了一种基于多资源受限度、工序约束度和团队胜任力的关键链缓冲区大小计算方法。综合考虑资源多样性和资源紧张程度,计算多资源受限度;充分考虑工序在运行过程中的约束程度,基于各工序的位置系数和紧前工序数,提出了工序约束度的计算方法;引入结构方程模型对团队胜任力的影响因素进行定量分析。充分考虑团队胜任力中各潜变量与观测指标间的因果关系,采用形成性和反映性混合的观察指标作为测量模型,确定了团队胜任力系数。选取某高速公路建设项目进行实例分析,将所提方法与3种常规的缓冲区计算方法进行了对比分析。结果表明:改进的关键链法所计算的工期比原计划工期1 056 d减少了350 d,有效地缩短了计划工期。所提方法与常规方法相比在确定项目工期大小、项目工期的合理性方面都有其优越性,验证了所提方法的可行性和实用性。该方法能够有效地解决高速公路建设项目中出现的资源冲突、进度管理困难等问题,对高速公路建设项目的进度管理具有重要的借鉴意义。

The schedule management of expressway construction project has always been one of the major issues faced by construction units and government authorities.Based on the characteristics of high resource constraints,large process constraints,and numerous uncertainties in construction teams in the schedule management of expressway construction projects,the key chain technology is improved,and a method for calculating key chain buffer size based on multiple-resource constraints,process constraints and team competency is proposed.Comprehensively considering the diversity of resources and the degree of resource shortage,the degree of multi-resource constraints is calculated.Comprehensively considering the constraint degree of process in operation,based on the position coefficient of each step and the number of immediately preceding steps,the calculation method of process constraint degree is proposed.The structure equation model is introduced to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of team competency.Fully considering the causal relationship of the latent variables with the observation indicators in the team competency,and a combination of formative and reflective observation indicators is used as the measurement model to determine the team’s competency factor.Taking an expressway construction project for example,the proposed method is compared with the 3 conventional buffer calculation methods.The result shows that the project duration calculated by the improved critical chain method is reduced by 350 d from the original planned duration of 1 056 d,which effectively shortened the construction period.The proposed method is better than the conventional method in determining the project duration and its rationality,which verified the feasibility and practicality of the proposed method.The method can effectively solve the problems such as resource conflict and difficulty in schedule management of expressway construction project,it has important reference value for the schedule management of expressway construction project.