站姿稳定性与多感觉整合控制研究进展

Research Progress of Human Upright Posture Control and Multisensory Integration

从站姿稳定性的系统模型和研究范式出发,对基于多感觉整合控制的站姿稳定理论机制研究进行了系统文献回顾。中枢神经系统通过整合处理本体觉、前庭觉、视觉和触觉等多种信息,运用前馈、反馈和随意控制等姿势调节方式,维系运动过程中的姿势稳定性。研究表明,中枢神经系统能根据不同通道信息的可靠度来决定对各个通道信息的权重比动态构建运动程序,且对站姿稳定产生急性反应和慢性适应2种改变。航天员在完成飞行任务时,前庭和本体感受系统功能受到干扰,使其运动和姿势控制能力和策略发生改变。研究微重力环境下的多感觉整合机制,可以为建立有效的微重力效应对抗措施提供科学依据和理论指导,对于促进航天员返回后的姿势控制能力恢复具有重要意义。

The modeling and experimental approach of human upright posture control as well as the mechanism of posture control and multisensory integration were reviewed systematically.The sensory inputs involved in upright posture control include visual and vestibular inputs,as well as proprioceptive and tactile somatosensory inputs.These multisensory inputs are integrated to represent the body state(body schema)which is then utilized by the brain to generate the motion.Many of the past articles indicated that central nervous system could dynamically upweight sensory channels with more reliable data and downweight with unreliable data.Multisensory reweighting results in short-term postural alterations as well as long-term alterations in multisensory integration and posture control itself.Vestibular and proprioceptive information of the astronauts can be disturbed in microgravity,which may lead to changes of their postural control systems.As a result,it is of great importance to study the mechanism of multisensory integration and control,especially in the microgravity environment,so as to further develop the system of human upright postural control.