美国的印裔族群:身份与结构(1990—2017年)

The Ethnic Indians in the U.S.: Identity and Structure (from 1990 to 2017)

《1990年移民与国籍法》(the1990Immigration and Nationality Act)颁布以来,在美印裔族群迎来了又一次大发展,不仅在规模上成为继华裔之后的最大亚裔群体,而且积极参与到美国社会生活中,成为美国最重要的外来族群之一。本文分析了1990年以来印度人以永久居民获得者、美国公民和合法非移民(Nonimmigrant)三种主要居留身份在美生活的发展历程,厘清了在美印度人的性别、年龄、职业、收入、婚姻、宗教信仰以及地域分布特征,认为印裔以其庞大的技术移民规模、高归化程度、良好的性别和年龄结构、优质的职业特征及稳定的家庭婚姻生活成为美国最成功的外来族群之一。

The ethnic Indians have gone through another boom in the United States since the introduction of the 1990 Immigration and Nationality Act,not only becoming the largest group of Asian origin after the American Chinese,but also actively participating in American social life as one of the most important immigrant groups.This article has analyzed the development process of the ethnic Indians in three identities in the U.S.since 1990 as the legal permanent resident,the US citizen and the nonimmigrant,and sorted out the features involving gender,age,occupation,income,marital status,religion and geographical distribution of this group,believing the ethnic Indians have already become one of the most successful immigrant groups in the U.S.due to its large-composition of skilled immigrants,high degree of naturalization,favorable gender and age structure,superior occupation,and stable marital status.