云南主栽核桃品种功能成分综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of nutrient contents of the main walnut varieties in Yunnan

【目的】分析云南主栽核桃品种的功能活性成分差异,为云南核桃深加工提供理论依据。【方法】采用索氏提取仪、凯氏定氮仪、原子吸收光谱仪及荧光检测仪对云南省32个品种核桃果仁试样中粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白含量等10个指标进行主成分分析。【结果】第1主成分的贡献率较高,为27.597%,其中烟酰胺有较大的特征正向量值,Zn和Fe有较大的负向量值;第2主成分的贡献率为22.562%,其中Ca和粗蛋白含量有较大的正向量值;第3主成分的贡献率为14.192%,其中粗蛋白含量有较大的正向量值,维生素B_6有较大的负向量值;第4主成分贡献率为10.582%,褪黑素含有较大的负向量;前4个主成分的累积贡献率达到74.915%,说明前4个主成分基本概括核桃果仁中10个指标的主要信息。【结论】云南主栽区核桃品种营养成分的综合评价为:‘云新64’>‘漾濞漾泡’>‘云新4-3’>‘鲁甸大麻2号’>‘云新云岭34号’>‘云新303’>‘云新36’>‘华宁大砂壳’>‘华宁大白壳’>‘云新306’>‘鲁甸大麻1号’>‘保山细香’>‘云新301’>‘永11’>‘云南小圆菠萝’>‘云新高原14’>‘云南大圆菠萝’>‘永泡1号’>‘大姚三台’>‘漾濞娘青’。云南不同地区及海拔漾泡核桃营养成分的综合评价为:‘迪庆漾泡’>‘双江漾泡’>‘漾濞’(1 902 m)>‘景东漾泡’>‘漾濞’(1 734 m)>‘漾濞’(2 563 m)>‘大理永平’>‘临沧漾泡’>‘漾濞’(2 300 m)>‘漾濞’(2 162 m)。

【Objective】The functional components of the main walnut varieties in Yunnan were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for deep processing of walnuts in Yunnan Province.【Method】Ten indexes of 32 walnut kernel samples from Yunnan Province were examined using a Soxhlet extractor,Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer,atomic absorption spectrometer,and fluorescence detector,and principal components analysis was conducted on the functional components of the tested walnuts.【Result】The accumulated contribution rate of the top four components was 74.915%.The contribution rate of the first principal component was 22.562%;niacinamide was the highest positive feature vector value,whereas Zn and Fe were the highest negative feature vector values.The contribution rate of the second principal component was 14.192%;Ca and crude protein had the highest feature vector value.The contribution rate of the third principal component was 14.192%;crude protein had the highest positive feature vector value,whereas vitamin B6 had the highest negative feature vector value.The contribution rate of the fourth principal component was 10.582%;melatonin had the highest positive feature vector values.These top four principal components basically explained the main information for 10 indexes of walnut kernels.【Conclusion】Based on the comprehensive evaluation,the ranking of nutrients of tested walnut varieties was‘Yunxin 64’>‘Yangbi Yangpao’>‘Yunxin 4-3’>‘Ludian Dama 2’>‘Yunxin Yunling 34’>‘Yunxin 303’>‘Yunxin 36’>‘Huaning Dasake’>‘Huaning Dabaike’>‘Yunxin 306’>‘Ludian Dama 1’>‘Baoshan Xixiang’>‘Yunxin 301’>‘Yong 11’>‘Yunnan small round pineapple’>‘Yunxin plateau 14’>‘Yunnan big round pineapple’>‘Permanent bubble 1’>‘Three Dayao’>‘Yangbi Niang Qing’.Regarding the most popular variety‘Yangpao’,the nutrient ranking of samples from different planting sites and elevations was‘Diqing Yangpao’>‘Shuangjiang Yangpao’>‘Yangbi’(1 902 m)>‘Jingdong Yangpao’>‘Yangbi’(1 734 m)>‘Yangbi’(2 563 m)>‘Dali Yongping’>‘Lincang Yangpao’>‘Yangbi’(2 300 m)>‘Yangbi’(2 162 m).