中国社会质量研究——不同阶层社会质量评价分析

An Analysis of Social Quality Evaluation of Different Classes of China

社会质量理论自20世纪90年代末被欧洲学者提出后,得到世界各国学者的积极响应。近年来,国内学者也纷纷对其展开了相关研究。当前我国社会进入新的发展阶段,随着中等收入群体的不断扩大,社会公众的主要需求也从传统的物质需要逐渐转变为对高质量社会政治生活的需要。要满足这种新的社会需求,就需要加强对当前我国社会质量的研究,通过实施有效的社会政策促进社会质量的提升。基于中国社会状况综合调查CSS2017的调查数据,实证研究发现社会下层的需求及其对社会整体发展评价的标准与社会中上层有着较为显著的差异。进一步研究发现,社会凝聚和社会赋权对中上层群体的社会整体评价有着显著影响,而社会经济保障和社会包容则对社会下层群体的社会整体评价有着显著影响。

The social quality theory has been put forward by European scholars since the end of 1990s,and it has received positive responses from scholars all over the world.According to this theory,the criteria of measuring a social development level cannot rely solely on the economic index,and it needs to comprehensively evaluate the overall development of a society through social economic security,social cohesion,social inclusion and social empowerment.The original intention of the European social quality theory is to solve the problem of non-coordination between the economic development and social development in Europe,which has important reference and guiding significance for the current social development in China.At present,the Chinese society is in a new stage of development with the expansion of the middle income group,the main demand of the social public has gradually changed from traditional material needs to the pursuit of high-quality social and political life.In order to meet this new social demand,there is a need to promote the improvement of social quality through the implementation of effective social policies,and meet the new social needs of the public.There has been no sufficient discussion on whether there are cognitive differences between different social strata in different dimensions of social quality theory at present.There are some differences in the evaluation of the relative importance of different dimensions of social quality among different social groups.Therefore,based on the survey data of CSS2017,this paper analyzes the cognition of different social groups about the effect of four dimensions of social quality on the overall development of society comprehensively.Through the establishment of a regression model of social development quality evaluation of different social strata,and a comparison of the regression coefficients of each model,difference of the quality evaluation of social development quality between different social strata are analyzed.The empirical study shows that there are significant differences in social demand and the evaluation criteria of the overall development of the society between the low social class group and the upper-middle social class group.The emphasis of the social quality evaluation of the low social class group is mainly on the basic socio-economic security,whether medical care,pension and other livelihood security or basic housing security have a significant impact on their social evaluation. However,social empowerment and social cohesion have no significant impact on the overall social evaluation.For the upper-middle social class groups,their focus on social quality evaluation focuses on two aspects:social cohesion and social empowerment,that is, social cohesion and social empowerment have a significant impact on their overall social evaluation.Finally,there are some differences in the social needs and the quality evaluation of social development of different social strata.Therefore,we believe that we should formulate corresponding social policies.It includes further improving the level of social security,regulating the income distribution mechanism,eliminating social segregation and discrimination,widening the channels of social and political participation,and enhancing the level of political participation and social participation of the people.