果树育种40年回顾与展望

Retrospection and prospect of fruit breeding for last four decades in China

改革开放以来,我国果树遗传改良与品种选育研究取得长足进展。据不完全统计,主要的11种果树选育了1 968个品种(含砧木),有力支撑了我国果树产业的快速发展,为我国果树实现鲜果供应期延长、品质提升、栽培模式改变提供了保障。细胞工程技术广泛应用于果树遗传改良,分子标记开始在育种中应用,提高了育种效率。我国果树基因组学研究发展迅速,进入世界先进行列。培育多样化品种满足不同用途和不同人群的需求,以及培育抗性好、适合省力化栽培的品种将是未来果树品种发展的方向。

The fruit genetic improvement & breeding has achieved a great progress since late of 1970s. A total of 1968 cultivars/varieties of scion and rootstock have been bred or registered during the past four decades based on counting 11 fruit types;as has been promoting the rapid development of fruit industry in China,and supporting the extension of supply season,quality enhancement as well as improvement of culture practice efficacy. Cytological engineering technologies has widely used in fruit genetic improvement,molecular marker assisted selection is being used for fruit breeding,these have increased the breeding efficiency. Genomics research on fruits developed quickly during the past years in China, and has harvested cut-edged results. The trends for fruit breeding in the future includes diversified cultivars/ varieties to meet different demands of consumers and processing,better resistances to bio/abiostresses, and less-labor culture practice.