耕播方式及秸秆还田对皖北小麦产量和品质的影响

The effect of farming methods and straw returning on yield and quality of wheat in north of Anhui Province

为在皖北地区确定一种比较适宜的耕播方式和秸秆还田组合技术,以"皖麦68"为试验材料,研究了不同耕播方式和秸秆还田对皖北小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同秸秆还田和耕播方式对小麦开花期旗叶光合参数以及叶绿素含量有显著影响,秸秆还田大体上提高了小麦净光合速率和叶绿素含量并且降低了胞间CO2浓度和旗叶MDA积累,在秸秆还田下,耕翻镇压(PCL)较旋耕(RL)显著提高了小麦光合性能,同时降低了MDA积累量;在小麦产量上,PCL(耕翻+镇压)和SPCL(秸秆+耕翻+镇压)产量最高,分别为9 048和8 889 kg·hm-2,且两者无显著差异;此外,秸秆还田显著提高小麦的籽粒品质性状,其中SPCL小麦籽粒品质相对较好。综合以上,秸秆还田配合耕翻镇压的耕作方式进行机械条播更适合皖北地区的小麦种植。

In order to explore a way of farming methods and straw returning in north of Anhui Province,with the“Wanmai 68”as the experimental material,yield and quality of the wheat in north of Anhui Province were studied with different farming methods and straw returning.The results showed that different farming methods and straw returning had significant effects on the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of flag leaf at anthesis stage of wheat.Straw returning generally increased the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of the wheat and reduced the intercellular CO 2 concentration and accumulation of MDA of flag leaf,ploughing and repressing significantly increased the photosynthetic performance of the wheat and reduced the accumulation of MDA under the straw returning.In terms of yield of the wheat,the yield of PCL(ploughing+repression)and SPCL(straw return-ing+ploughing+Repression)were 9 048 and 8889 kg·hm^-2,respectively,and they were the highest among all treatments,but there was no significant difference between them.In addition,straw returning significantly improved grain quality traits of the wheat,and the grain quality traits of the SPCL is the best.Above all,straw returning with tillage and suppression method for machine seeding is more suitable for wheat cultivation in north of Anhui Province.