大气颗粒物短期暴露对人群血压影响效应的定群研究

A panel study on the short-term effects of ambient particles exposure to human blood pressure

目的评价大气颗粒物暴露对人群血压的短期效应。方法采用定群研究的设计方法,对姑苏区社区人群(n=100)进行重复血压测量,同时结合环境监测固定站点的气象及污染物数据,并控制调查对象的活动模式等变量进行模型分析。结果 PM2.5短期暴露与人群收缩压及舒张压升高呈现弱正相关效应(P>0.05)。全人群PM2.5累积暴露当日浓度每升高1个IQR,对应收缩压增加0.31(95%CI:-0.06～0.68)mmHg,舒张压增加0.20(95%CI:-0.03～0.42)mmHg;男性收缩压升高0.70(95%CI:0.20～1.18)mmHg,舒张压升高0.42(95%CI:0.12～0.70)mmHg,均表现为显著效应(P<0.05);女性收缩压、舒张压变化不显著;不同年龄人群间收缩压效应存在差异,舒张压无显著差异。结论 PM2.5短期暴露对人群血压具有弱正效应,男性血压受颗粒物暴露影响高于女性,应进行时间尺度更加精细的大气颗粒物的短期暴露健康效应研究。

Objective To investigate the short-term effect of particulate air pollution on human blood pressure. Methods Repeat measures on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of community population were performed in Gusu District based on panel study. The meteorological parameters and air pollution data were collected in fixed monitoring stations, and the lifestyle information of subjects were also collected and controlled in the model analysis. Results Both of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were weakly increased after short-term exposure to PM2.5(P>0.05). An IQR increase of PM2.5 in the current daily average concentration could lead to 0.31(95% CI:-0.06-0.68) mm Hg increase of systolic pressure and 0.20(95% CI:0.03-0.42) mmHg increase of diastolic pressure. Male subjects had 0.70(95% CI: 0.20-1.18) mm Hg increase of systolic pressure and 0.42(95% CI: 0.12-0.70) mmHg increase of diastolic pressure, while female subjects showed no significant association on blood pressure. The systolic pressure of subjects in different age group showed different changes after air particulates exposure, while diastolic pressure showed no significant varivation. Conclusion PM2.5 exposure is weakly associated with an increased level of blood pressure, the effects varied among different population groups, which indicate the importance of investigating the health effects of short-term exposure to air particulates in high temporal resolution.