上海市居民住宅室内外颗粒物浓度及其影响因素研究

Indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter level and its influencing factors in residential buildings in Shanghai

目的了解上海市居民住宅室内外PM_(2.5)浓度的长期变化趋势及相关影响因素,为制定和完善室内空气质量标准提供数据支持和科学依据。方法于2015年9月—2016年5月在上海市区某居民住宅连续同步监测室内外PM_(2.5)浓度,每月工作日连续采样4 d,周末连续采样2 d。同期采用磁开关记录仪和室内人员活动模式问卷,记录住户开关窗频率、烹饪、净化设备使用情况等。结果累计采样1 296 h,室内及室外PM_(2.5)浓度的小时均值分别为(47.81±35.38)、(86.85±85.40)μg/m3。室内外PM_(2.5)浓度呈明显正相关(rs=0.859,P<0.01),室内外PM_(2.5)浓度比值(I/O比值)平均为0.75±0.37,且冬季和休息时段(0:00—6:00)比值较低。室外PM_(2.5)浓度高、室内烹饪、开窗与室内PM_(2.5)浓度升高有关,室内净化设备的使用可降低室内PM_(2.5)浓度。结论本次监测的居民住宅室内PM_(2.5)浓度与室外浓度相关,I/O比值呈季节性和昼夜变化;关闭门窗时建筑围护结构对室外PM_(2.5)有一定阻隔作用,使用空气净化设备可降低室内PM_(2.5)浓度。

Objective To investigate the pollution levels of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) in residential buildings in Shanghai and to provide scientific evidence for policy makers in controlling and improving the indoor PM2.5. Methods PM2.5 monitoring was conducted both indoor and outdoor in an urban residence in Shanghai by the light-scattering method from September 2015 to May 2016, with four days on weekdays and two days at weekends each month. Magnetic switch recorders were installed on the window and door of the resident’s room to record the frequency of window opening. Questionnaire was used to investigate indoor personnel activities. Results A total of 945 pairs of indoor-outdoor hourly PM2.5 concentration were collected during the whole sampling priod of 1 296 hours. The average level of indoor PM2.5 was(47.81±35.38) μg/m3 while the average of outdoor PM2.5 was(86.85±85.40) μg/m3. The levels of outdoor PM2.5 were positively correlated with the indoor PM2.5 concentrations(rs=0.859, P<0.01). The average indoor/outdoor ratio(I/O) was 0.75±0.37,which was lower in winter and rest time. Higher levels of outdoor PM2.5, cooking indoor,opening windows might increase the levels of indoor PM2.5, application of air purifier could significantly decrease the indoor PM2.5 concentration. Conclusion Residential indoor PM2.5 level is closely related with the outdoor levels. The I/O ratio presents seasonal and diurnal variation. The building envelope may limitedly inhibit ambient PM2.5 penetrate into room. Air purifier can contribute to control indoor PM2.5.