月印万川、理一分殊和分映万灯背后的共同价值

Common Values in “Yue Yin Wan Chuan”, “li Yi Fen Shu”and “Fen Ying Wan Deng”

"和而不同"是儒家重要价值观之一,也是儒家政教观的重要组成部分。"和而不同"的价值观包括两方面的内容:一是社会应当允许不同思想观念、宗教信仰的合法存在;二是不同的思想观念、宗教信仰应当求同存异,相向而行,和谐相处。在其影响下,佛教提出"月印万川"来隐喻其内部诸派及外部与儒家、道教"圆融无碍"的关系。与此相应,宋明理学也提出"理一分殊"来描述"太极"与"万物"、"一理"与"万理"的关系,以体现中华文化主体性与多元性。伊斯兰教还提出"分映万灯"来隐喻自身与其他宗教、文化的关系。这几种不同隐喻的背后都反映了"和而不同"的共同价值观,在历史上发挥了促进外来宗教中国化、多元宗教和谐相处的积极作用,在今天仍然具有重要的现实意义。

“He Er Bu Tong (和而不同,Harmony without uniformity)” is one of the important values of Confucianism, and also an important part of Confucian view on state-religion relationship. The value of “harmony without uniformity” includes two aspects: first, the society should allow the legal existence of different ideas and religious beliefs;second, different ideologies and religious beliefs should seek common ground while shelving differences, meet each other halfway and live in harmony. Under its influence, Buddhism uses “Yue Yin Wan Chuan (literally the moon shines on rivers)” as a metaphor for its harmonious relationship with various schools within itself and with Confucianism and Taoism. And accordingly, the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties also proposed “li Yi Fen Shu (unity of theoretical nounmenon and practical functions)”to describe the relationship between “Taiji (太极,supreme ultimate)” and “Wanwu (万物,all that exists)”, and “Yili (一理 one unified principle)”with “Wanli (万理,literally ten thousand principles)”, to reflect the subjectivity and diversity of Chinese culture. Islam also puts forward “Fen Ying Wan Deng”(分映万灯) as a metaphor for its relationship with other religions and cultures. All these different metaphors reflect the common values of “harmony without uniformity” and play a positive role in promoting the sinicization of foreign religions and harmonious coexistence of diverse religions in history, which still has great practical significance nowadays.