省级权责清单差异性研究:原因、问题、规范

Discrepancy of Power and Responsibility Lists of Provincial Governments: Causes, Problems and Regulations

权责清单制度是我国全面依法治国的重要举措。由于我国政治制度与行政体制的基本特征,各级政府的职责主要由国家层面法律法规规定,权责清单作为依据法律法规梳理的政府职责目录清单,当前已公示的31个省级政府权责清单间呈现较大差异是不合理的。针对权责清单间差异,通过定量和实证分析相结合的方法,我们可从内容、形式和事项数量等方面对已公示的清单数据的差异性进行研究。研究表明,区域间权责清单的差异既有地方自治需要及各省地理环境、人口资源、经济发展等不同而产生的客观差异;也有因权责清单制定标准不一致、不符合标准规范及人为因素等问题造成的差异。因此,权责清单制度建设既要尊重地方客观实际,又要通过健全标准体系、强化监督检查、深化权责清单应用等方式规范权责清单,消除不合理差异。

The power and responsibility list system is an important measure for Chinese government to govern the country by law. Due to the basic characteristics of China’s political system and administrative system, the responsibilities of governments at different levels are mainly stipulated by laws and regulations at the national level. Therefore, it is unreasonable that the already published power and responsibility lists of 31 provincial governments show great differences. In view of their differences, this paper, by combining quantitative and empirical analysis, studies differences in the lists from the aspects of content, form and number of items. The study shows that the differences of the power and responsibility lists include not only objective differences caused by different needs of local autonomy, geographical environment, population resources and economic development of each province, but also differences caused by inconsistency of the standards of the power and responsibility lists, nonconformity with the standard norms and human factors. Therefore, the establishment of power and responsibility list system should not only conform to local reality, but also standardize the power and responsibility list through improving the standard system, strengthening supervision and inspection, taking the application of the power and responsibility list to the next level, so as to eliminate unreasonable differences.