输尿管软镜碎石术治疗孤立肾肾结石的有效性和安全性分析

Safety and efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy for the treatment of renal stone in solitary kidney patients

目的探讨输尿管软镜碎石术(FURL)治疗孤立肾肾结石的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年5月于我院行FURL治疗的46例孤立肾肾结石患者的临床资料.男34例,女12例;年龄(48.6±9.6)岁(34~ 78岁);结石最大径(15.3 ±4.8)mm(6~25 mm).肾结石位于左侧29例,右侧17例;肾下盏结石12例,非肾下盏结石34例;先天性孤立肾3例,功能性孤立肾31例(对侧肾小球滤过率<10 ml/min),后天性孤立肾12例(失肾原因:肾结石7例,肿瘤4例,结核1例).术前血清肌酐(116.38±25.77) μmol/L.所有患者均采用全麻,取截石位,输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石,辅助取石网篮套取结石,手术均由同一名医生完成.记录患者手术时间、住院时间、手术出血量、手术前后肾功能和血红蛋白变化,以及术后并发症、结石清除率(SFR)等资料.结果 本组46例手术均顺利完成,手术时间(58.6±16.4) min;术后住院时间(5.6±1.4)d.术后血红蛋白下降值(1.4 ±0.9)g/L.术后发生肉眼血尿32例,腰痛3例,发热1例,无严重并发症发生.46例中39例结石清除,一期手术的SFR为84.8% (39/46);7例结石残留,其中5例二期行FURL治疗,2例保守治疗定期观察,二期手术后SFR为95.7% (44/46).一期FURL术后第1天血清肌酐(112.29±20.62) μmol/L,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P =0.177);一期FURL术后1个月血清肌酐(81.54±10.75) μmol/L,较术前和术后第1天肌酐均明显降低(P<0.01).结论 FURL对于孤立肾肾结石患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法,结石清除疗效确切,出血等并发症发生率低,对肾功能影响小.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy (FURL) for the treatment of renal stone in solitary kidney patients.Methods The clinical data of 46 patients of solitary kidney,who were treated with FURL from March 2015 to May 2018 in our hospital,were analyzed retrospectively.There were 34 males and 12 females,aged (48.6 ± 9.6) years.Maximum diameter of stone was (15.3 ±4.8) mm,and 29 cases in left kidney and 17 cases in right.34 cases were non-renal calcaneal calculi,12 cases were subrenal calyceal stones.There were 3 cases of congenital solitary kidney,31 cases of functional solitary kidney (contralateral kidney GFR < 10 ml/min) and 12 cases of acquired solitary kidney (7 cases of renal calculi,4 cases of tumor,1 case of tuberculosis).The mean reoperative serum creatinine was (116.38 ± 25.77)μmol/L.All patients were treated with general anesthesia,lithotomy,soft ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy,and assisted lithotripsy.All operations were performed by the same surgeon.The data of operation time,hospital stay,blood loss,renal function before and after operation,postoperative complications and stone clearance rate were recorded.Results In this study,46 cases of the operation were successfully completed.The mean operation time was (58.6 ±16.4) min,the average hospitalization time was (5.6 ± 1.4) days.The mean hemoglobin was decreased (1.4 ± 0.9) g/L.The mean operative time was (58.6 ± 16.4) min.The average postoperative hospitalization time was (5.6 ± 1.4) days.The Postoperative hematuria occurred in 32 cases,low back pain in 3 cases and fever in I case.Stone-free reached in 39 of 46 patients,the stone-free rate(SFR)of primary operation was 84.8% (39/46).There were 7 cases of residual calculi,five patients were treated with secondary FURL,2 patients were required conservative treatment.The SFR was 95.7% (44/46) after the second stage operation.The mean serum creatinine was (112.29 ± 20.62) μ mol/L on the first day after operation,which was not different statistically with that before operation (P =0.177).The mean serum creatinine was (81.54 ± 10.75) μmol/L one month after operation,which was significantly lower than preoperative and 1 day postoperative (P < 0.05).Conclusions FURL could be a safe and effective treatment for renal stone in solitary kidney patients.It has a definite stone-free effect,low incidence of complications.