铋基电极的电分析化学:构成、载体与制备方法

Electroanalytical Chemistry of Bismuth-Based Electrodes: Composition, Substrates and Fabrication

无毒的铋基电极是汞类电极的重要替代物,已经吸引了众多科研工作者的浓厚兴趣。简要总结了2010年以前的国内外研究工作,并从电极构成、载体和制备方法角度出发,分为铋基膜电极、铋基体电极、铋基微电极、丝网印刷铋基电极、不同基体上的铋膜电极和铋合金电极6部分,着重对2010年以后的国内外研究进行了详细的介绍和总结。未来的铋膜电极研究应在3个方面继续加强和提高:一是需要对铋基电极中铋元素的价态变化以及产物形貌和结构对电分析性能的影响进一步研究;二是为了加速铋基电极的实际应用,微型化、芯片化应继续成为铋基电极研究发展的一个重要方向,尤其是铋基微电极的制备和性能研究以及丝网印刷铋膜电极的发展;三是铋合金电极的研究相对较少,仍有许多工作可开展。

As an important alternative to mercury electrodes,the less toxic bismuth-based electrodes attracted the strong interest of many researchers.This paper offered a concise summary of the researches by Chinese or foreigners before 2010,and then described and summarized the researches since 2010 in detail from the viewpoints of electrode composition,substrates and fabrication.They were classified into six parts:bismuth-based film electrodes,bulk bismuth-based electrodes,bismuth-based microelectrodes,screen print bismuth-based electrodes,bismuth film electrodes on various substrates and bismuth alloy electrodes.It was also expected that the future studies of bismuth-based electrodes should be strengthened and improved in three aspects.The first one was studies on valence changes of bismuth elements in bismuth-based electrodes and the effects of electrodes' morphologies and structures on their electroanalytical performances.The second one referred to the miniaturization and microchip development for practicable applications,which was an important direction for the researches of bismuth-based electrodes.Especially,more attention should be paid to the researches on bismuth microelectrodes and screen print bismuth electrodes.The third one was the explorations of bismuth-based alloy electrodes, which were relatively scarce still and should be extensively studied in future.