表升平之盛世,契亿兆之欢心——试论宋代的赐酺与政治

The Manifestation of National Prosperity and the Public’s Favor:A Study on Cipu during Song Dynasty

宋代赐酺主要集中于真宗朝,通过君、民、臣三者共宴的政治形式,渲染着政治昌明、内外敦睦的盛世景象。活跃于特定政治场域之中的宋代赐酺,在预宴主体、礼乐内容、权责分工等方面皆呈现了不同以往的历史特点,一定程度上折射出宋代较之前代在政治构成、制度建设及文化观念等方面发生的更易变化。赐酺在宋代的兴衰变化与政治发展密切相关,其在宋初中原内部一统、西北二边外患平息的历史背景下逐步兴盛,活跃于“天书封祀”运动始终,随着北宋中后期统治重心的转移而失去赖以存续的政治空间,最终消逝于历史长河之中。

Patterned on its former prototype, this system continues to develop and further comes to its perfection in Song dynasty. During Tang and Song period, there are some variations manifested in its participants, collaborations in its preparations, and its contents, which demonstrates alterations resulted from historical vicissitudes, in regard to the political constitutions and constructions and cultural values. In particularly, the common people are incorporated as main part of the banquet participants, highlighting their importance for the first time in national banquet system. Comparatively speaking, most of the banquets are conducted by the Emperor Song Zhenzong who, by this kind of national activity, attempts to display his grace and the splendor of his reign, with efforts to disclose wealth of the country, peace among subjects and admirations from outside world. Fundamentally, this national banquet aims to offer people guidance, shaping political climate and diverting the attention of common people, so as to maintain their approval and supports.However, large numbers of money and resources have been invested into this extravagant party, deriving from those hardworking common people. Their suffering for the political event should not be ignored.