解读全球竞争力指数中的中国竞争力优劣势

Interpretation of Advantages and Disadvantages of China's Competitiveness in Global Competitiveness Index

第四次工业革命(4IR)的到来使得经济增长的路径不再固定,全球竞争力指数(GCI)将4IR纳入竞争力定义,制定了全新的GCI 4.0,为经济体在4IR实现经济跳跃式发展提供了参考。本文通过全面剖析GCI 4.0指标体系及评价结果并对中国竞争力进行优劣势详细解析,发现支柱层面的相对优势是市场规模、创新能力等,而劣势是制度建设、劳务市场和产品市场;并以经济增长新兴杠杆创新和人力资本角度进行子指标优劣势分析,发现其制约因素;最后提出了重视人力资本培育、完善创新生态系统等政策建议。

The arrival of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has made the path of economic growth no longer fixed. The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) has incorporated 4IR into the definition of competitiveness, and has developed a new GCI 4.0, which provides a reference for rapidly developing the economy in 4IR. Through a comprehensive analysis of the GCI 4.0 indicator system and evaluation results and a detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of China’s competitiveness, this paper finds that the relative advantages of the pillar level are market size, innovation ability, etc., while the disadvantages are system construction, labor market and product market. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of sub-indicators based on the emerging lever innovation and human capital of economic growth reveals the constraints. Finally, it puts forward policy recommendations such as attaching importance to human capital cultivation and improving the innovation ecosystem.