基于“7·26”暴雨洪水灾害的淤地坝作用分析与思考

Roles of silt retention dam in rainstorm flood disaster on July 26

简要介绍了无定河"7·26"暴雨洪水和受灾情况,通过对治理沟与非治理沟的调查与对比分析,得出"60多年水土保持治理作用巨大,尤其是淤地坝起到了非常大的作用";通过治沟造地与淤地坝对比分析,得出"淤地坝具有显著的水土保持功能,而治沟造地在这次暴雨中水土流失非常严重"。认为黄土高原当前淤地坝超期运行,防洪能力下降,淤地坝变为病险坝的主要原因是重建设轻管理,甚至不管理。从淤地坝普查、减少治沟造地工程、强化病险坝加固、开展创新研究、加大治理投资开展管护力度等多方面提出相关建议。

Through comparative analysis of flood damage with controlled gullies and uncontrolled gullies measures during the rainstorm flood disaster on July 26, it is concluded that silt retention dam has played a key role thanks to the achievements of the last more than 60 years for soil and water conservation. The comparison of silt retention dam with gully land reclamation shows that soil and water can be preserved by the dam but great loss may occur in reclaimed land. It is also found that the flood control capability of retention dams have been degraded due to aging and lacking of maintenance. It is suggested to carry out general survey on silt retention dam, control land reclamation, strengthen hazard dams, initiate new studies and increase investment for operation and maintenance.