人源类器官的研究进展及在口腔医学的展望

The research progress of human organoids and the prospects of application in stomatology

类器官是指在体外三维培养构建的,依赖于人造细胞外基质的多细胞团,具有自我更新、自我组织能力,并维持了其来源组织的生理结构和功能。类器官作为一种新兴的研究模型,兼具细胞系和动物模型两者的优点。其构建材料简单、培养效率高、耗时短,在疾病研究模型构建、临床药敏试验和再生医学中有良好的应用前景。类器官模型主要分为三种细胞来源类型:胚胎干细胞/诱导多能干细胞、成体干细胞、肿瘤细胞。本文将重点介绍三种细胞来源类器官最新的研究进展,并展望其在口腔医学中的应用。

The organoid is a multicellular mass with the ability of self-renewal and self-organization in artificial extracellular matrix,which is constructed by three-dimensional culture in vitro,and it maintains the physiological structure and function of its source tissues.As a new research model,the organoid has the advantages of both cell lines and animal models.The easily material construction,high culturing efficiency and short time-consuming make it good application prospects in disease research model construction,clinical drug sensitivity test and regenerative medicine application.The organoid models can be divided into three types of cell sources:embryonic stem cells/induced pluripotent stem cells,adult stem cells and cancer cells.In this review,organoid from three cell sources will be elaborated separately,and mainly focused on the current status of human organoid research progress and the prospect of application in stomatology.