汽车电线设计选型研究

Research on Design and Selection of Automobile Wire

汽车导线是汽车线束的主要载流体。低压导线根据其使用环境以及条件不同可以分为多种规格,双绞线、屏蔽线等在汽车上也越来越多地被使用。各种不同规格型号的导线在汽车上的使用和设计匹配也不尽相同。普通导线主要起到信号传输和电流传导的作用,其电性能设计选型主要为规格需要和负载匹配,在不同负载工况下均要求能正常工作;在机械方面需要和连接器端子匹配,不同规格导线绝缘皮和导线线芯也不同,其压接模具和压接参数需要有不同设置,满足电性能要求。为了避免整车的电磁骚扰对电气系统稳定性影响,在部分特殊系统根据需求可选择双绞线、屏蔽线作为传导导线,其使用也需要专门的设计,不同系统的双绞线绞距设计不同,屏蔽层接地方式有区别。重点对各种规格导线的设计选型进行阐述。

Automobile wire is the main carrier fluid of automobile wire harness.Low-voltage conductors can be divided into many specifications according to their use environment and conditions.Twisted pairs and shielding wires are more and more used in automobiles.The use and design matching of different specifications and models of wires on automobiles are also different.Ordinary conductor mainly plays the role of signal transmission and current conduction.Its electrical performance design and selection are mainly specification requirements and load matching,which requires normal operation under different load conditions.In mechanical aspects,it needs to match with connector terminals,and different specifications of conductor insulation skin and conductor core are also different,and its pressing dies and parameters need to be set differently to meet the requirements of electricity.In order to avoid the influence of electromagnetic disturbance on the stability of electric system,twisted pair and shielded wire can be selected as conducting conductors in some special systems according to the requirements,and their use also needs special design.The twisted pair pitch design of different systems is different,and the shielded layer grounding mode is different.The design and selection of various specifications of conductors were focused on.