阳明学的政治取向、困境和分析

The Political Orientations and Dilemma of the Yangming Teaching and Relevant Analysis

中晚明的阳明学具有很多不同的面向,本文从政治取向这一角度,将中晚明的阳明学作为一个整体加以观察,深入分析"得君行道"与"觉民行道"这两种不同政治取向的各自涵义及其关系,进而对于阳明学所蕴含的"民众政治主体"观念以及儒家传统的政治理想,从一个现代的角度予以分析和评价。具体讨论以下几个问题。首先,如何理解阳明学者在"得君行道"之外所另行开辟的"觉民行道"这一路线?其次,如何理解"觉民行道"和"得君行道"在阳明学中作为两种不同政治取向之间的关系?第三,如何理解阳明学中所隐含的"民众政治主体"这一观念及其所面临的困难?最后,如何才能建立儒家的政治主体并实现儒家的政治社会理想?

The Yangming teaching has various aspects.This article examines the Yangming teaching as a whole from the perspective of political culture.Two different political orientations in the Yangming teaching,namely,“dejun xingdao”(realizing the Dao by getting support from the emperor)and “juemin xingdao”(realizing the Dao by enlightening people),the implied possibility that common people could become the main political actors,and the Confucian political ideal,will be particularly scrutinized.Specifically,a few questions will be addressed:how to understand the newly pioneered political orientation of “juemin xingdao” in addition to the traditional “dejun xingdao” in the Yangming teaching? How to evaluate the relationship between “juemin xingdao” and “dejun xingdao” as two different political orientations in the Yangming teaching? How to understand the implied possibility in the Yangming teaching that common people could become the main political actors and its dilemma? How to make the implied possibility and the Confucian political ideal truly realized?