摘要
作为人类历史上第一部现代民族国家的成文宪法,美国宪法的典范意义在于人们首次通过理性的辩论与抉择摆脱孟德斯鸠共和制理想框架和欧洲大陆近代主权学说的束缚,组建成不同于任何传统组织的有机政治共同体,并且在政府纵向权力的划分上开创了现代联邦主义政治"建立在多上的一"这一源头。在这个过程中,作为"开国之父"之一的詹姆斯·麦迪逊不仅亲身见证与记录费城制宪会议,更因为其对于不同倾向的政治意见的包容与调和而著称于世。他利用娴熟的政治技巧纵横捭阖,构建起了近代美国宪法那个曾被视为人类民主政治曙光却同时充满潜在冲突与悖论的框架。"麦迪逊时刻"既意味着两种近代启蒙理性与政治传统的交汇与融合,也为遭遇宪政危机的后现代西方政治体系提供现代性"源代码"的反思与借鉴。
Tracing back to the origin of political institutions of a nation state while the given theoretical and ideological basis of the institutions are encountered with practical crisis,which was put and improved by Niccolo Machiavelli since the 16th century,seems more meaningful for the political research circle nowadays.Since the Trump Administration came into power,its political actions compel people to retrospect the essence and spirit of the American constitution and its Founding Fathers in the historical context.As the first statute constitution of a modern nation state in the history of human beings,the paradigmatic meaning of the American constitution lied in its process of making by rational debates and discussions,and its divorce from the theoretical framework of Montesquieu’s works and European continental thoughts of sovereignty.According to the political theory,a new organic political community thus was founded,which was different from that of traditional times,and initiated the origin of modern “E Pluribus Unum” federal politics based on the vertical check and balance of central and local governments.James Madison as one of the Founding Fathers and the one who guided and experienced the making process of the U.S.constitution was well-known for his mastery of the art of political tolerance and compromise.Thus the so-called “Moment of Madison” meant the reconciliation of the two traditions of modern politics since the Enlightenment age,which enable us to rethink profoundly against the constitutional crisis the Trump Administration encountered in the WE-media epoch.
出处
《深圳社会科学》
2019年第3期70-77,157,共9页
Social Sciences in Shenzhen
