武义县儿童过敏原特异性IgE定量检测分析及临床意义

Quantitative detection and analysis of children allergen-specific immunoglobulin E and its clinical significance

目的了解武义县儿童常见过敏原,探讨过敏患儿特异性免疫球蛋白E(specific immunoglobulin E,sIgE)水平变化规律,为本地儿童防治过敏提供流行病学依据。方法对400例过敏患儿进行20项食入性与吸入性过敏原定量检测,应用酶联免疫捕获法检测患儿血清中sIgE水平。结果 400例过敏患儿中,315例患儿过敏原sIgE阳性,总阳性构成比为78.75%;其中吸入性176例(44.00%),食入性233例(58.25%)。前三位吸入性过敏原分别为交链孢霉(41例,10.25%)、粉尘螨(39例,9.75%)和屋尘螨(34例,8.50%),这三类过敏原导致的过敏性皮疹患儿与哮喘患儿的血清sIgE水平高于无症状儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);前3位食入性过敏原阳性构成比分别为鸡蛋(56例,14.00%)、牛奶(53例,13.25%)和虾(43例,10.75%),这三类过敏患儿血清sIgE水平与无症状儿童之间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论武义县儿童最常见的食入性过敏原为鸡蛋、牛奶、虾,最常见的吸入性过敏原是交链孢霉、粉尘螨和屋尘螨;过敏原sIgE水平的定量检测能够为临床提供预测症状与风险的依据参考。

Objective To identify the distribution of common allergens causing allergies in children in Wuyi and the pattern of changes of allergen specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels so as to obtain scientific knowledge to inform the prevention and control practitioners of contagious allergic diseases. Methods Total of 400 children with allergic diseases were firstly chosen as the subjects of study. Next, 20 items of ingested and inhalant allergens were subjected to a quantitative testing. The specific immunoglobulin E levels in the serum of the subjects were detected with ELISA kits. Results Of the 400 subjects, 315 were detected to be positive of allergen sIgE. The total positive rate was 78.75%. 176 (44%) were cases of inhalation and 233 (58.25%) were cases of ingestion. The positive allergens ranked as the top three were alternaria (41 cases, 10.25%), dust mites (39 cases, 9.75%) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (34 cases, 8.50%). The sIgE levels in serum of children with skin rash and children with asthma induced by these allergens were higher than those of the children without symptoms of allergies. The differences were statistically significant ( P <0.05). The ingested allergens ranked as the top three were chicken eggs (56 cases, 14%), milk (53 cases, 13.25%) and shrimps (43 cases, 10.75%). No significant difference in serum sIgE levels was found between the children with allergies induced by these allergens and those without allergies ( P >0.05). Conclusions The most common types of ingested allergens that cause child allergies are chicken eggs, milk and shrimps and the most common inhalant allergens are alternaria, dust mites and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Quantitative detection of allergen sIgE level can provide evidence for clinical prediction of symptoms and risks.