α2M对膝关节创伤后骨关节炎治疗作用的研究进展

Advances in understanding of protective effect of α2M against traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee joint

创伤后骨关节炎(PTOA)是由创伤引起的以关节软骨慢性退变为主要病理变化,以关节胀痛、活动功能障碍为主要临床表现的一种疾病。研究发现不论是半月板、滑膜损伤,交叉韧带撕裂还是随之而来的PTOA都有极其相似的病理过程,即创伤关节腔局部出现大量炎症因子、基质降解酶类物质,促使大量关节软骨细胞凋亡,导致关节软骨进一步退变。α2巨球蛋白(α2M)作为一种古老的高分子糖蛋白,其拥有多种活性形式和复杂的功能作用,在体内广泛参与物质的调节和转运,其广谱的蛋白酶抑制作用对PTOA及相关疾病患者有重要的保护作用。本文对于α2M这种保护作用进行综述,旨在为PTOA及相关疾病的预防和治疗提供依据。

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis(PTOA)is caused by trauma,which is pathologically characterized by chronic degeneration of articular cartilage with joint pain and activity dysfunction.Studies have found that meniscus injury,cruciate ligament tear,and accompanied PTOA have a similar pathological process.A large number of inflammatory factors and matrix-degrading enzymes appear in the local wound of the knee joint,which causes apoptosis of a large number of articular cartilage cells and further degeneration of articular cartilage.Alpha-2-macroglobulin(α2M),as an ancient high-molecular glycoprotein,possesses a variety of active forms and complex functions and is widely involved in the regulation and transport of substances in the body.One of the roles ofα2M is to act as a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor,which has a great protective effect against PTOA and related diseases.This article mainly reviews the research and application ofα2M in PTOA and related diseases to improve their prevention and treatment.