用于汽车车身材料的铝合金生命周期环境影响评价

Environmental Impact Assessment for the Life Cycle of Aluminium Alloy Used as a Material for Manufacturing Automotive Body

汽车动力消耗与整车质量息息相关,在保持原有安全性、灵便性和舒适性前提下,用铝合金板材替代钢板制造车身及覆盖件可以明显降低整车质量。参照ISO 14040-1999 标准,利用GaBi 软件,通过对原铝生产、铝合金板材生产、铝合金车身及覆盖件的制造、使用及报废回收等5 个阶段生命周期里的碳足迹和水足迹基本数值进行详细测算,表明没有必要刻意追求汽车车身材料为全铝,最好根据车身部件位置、形状和功能等实际情况综合优化材料应用,充分发挥不同材料的性能优势。

Power consumption was closely related to the weight of automobiles. On the premise of keeping existing safety, handiness and comfort, the use of aluminium alloy plate to replace steel for manufacturing automotive body and panels could significantly reduce the vehicle weight. According to ISO 14040-1999 and by using GaBi software, the design should take account of the material and energy consumption and emission impact on the environment in the entire life cycle including raw material acquisition, parts production, and vehicle operation, till scrap recycling. Based on the measurement and estimation of carbon footprints and water footprints in detail, it has indicated that there would be no need to deliberately pursue all-aluminium body. It was better to optimise synthetically the adoption of materials according to the position, shape and function of components, so as to give full play to the performance advantages of different materials.