马克思主义视野中的需要升级与价值转型

The Required Upgrading and Value Transition in the Marxist Vision

价值是满足需要的对象属性。生产水平决定需要状况,需要层次和结构决定价值体系的层次和结构。在物质短缺的时代,经济价值制约乃至决定着社会价值、政治价值和文化价值,在资本主义市场经济条件下货币价值观和资本价值观甚至成为自由、平等和公平、正义等价值的基础;而在产能过剩和资本过剩的时代,那些无法用物质更无法用货币和资本满足的需要,使得社会价值、政治价值、文化价值乃至生态价值凸显出来。中国特色社会主义进入新时代以后,全面发展和自由发展成为新的价值尺度。有待满足的是"人民日益增长的美好生活需要",而不单纯是那些能够用货币数量和经济增长率衡量的物质需要。"美好生活需要"中有很大一部分是无法用货币价值或者经济价值衡量的,但是所有需要的满足都体现在全面发展和自由发展的价值追求中,全面发展和自由发展由此成为社会主义价值体系变革的方向。

Value has an object attribute to meet the demands. The production level determines the status of demand,and the demand level and structure determine the level and structure of a value system.At the age of material shortage,economic value restricts or even determines social value,political value and cultural value. In the condition of capitalist market economy,monetary values and capital values even become the foundation of the values of freedom,equality,fairness and justice. However,in the era of excess capacity and excess capital,the needs that cannot be met with materials or even money and capital just highlight the social value,political value,cultural value and even ecological value. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era,all-round development and free development have become new values. What remains to be met is "the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life",not just the material needs that can be measured by the quantity of money and the rate of economic growth. A large part of"the needs for a better life"cannot be measured in monetary or economic terms,However,all the needs are reflected in the pursuit of the value of all-round development and free development,both of which have thus become the direction of the reform of the socialist value system.