列宁与民主集中制的创建和发展

Lenin and the Establishment and Development of Democratic Centralism

列宁对俄国社会民主工党应采取什么样的组织原则和制度的认识,经历了从主张集中制到创建民主集中制的过程。根据俄国国情和开展革命斗争的需要,列宁首先提出了要在党内实行集中制的组织原则。随着1905年俄国革命形势的到来和革命运动的不断高涨以及党内迫切要求实现全党的统一,列宁转变了思想,提出民主集中制。在三个时期长达18年的时间里,列宁对民主集中制原则和制度的内涵规定及制度设定,作了系统、透彻的阐述。民主集中制的创建和发展,丰富和发展了马克思主义政党的组织民主制学说、马克思主义的国家理论和经济管理思想。列宁在创建和发展民主集中制的过程中,体现了实事求是、与时俱进、坚持原则、敢于修正的创新精神,为发展马克思主义作出了重大贡献。

Lenin's understanding of the organizational principle and system that the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party should adopt experienced a process from advocating centralism to establishing democratic centralism. According to the national conditions of Russia and the needs to carrying out revolutionary struggle, Lenin first put forward the organizational principle of centralism within the Party. With the advent of the 1905 Russian Revolution, the rising of revolutionary movement and the urgent need within the Party for the reunification of the whole Party, Lenin changed his mind and proposed democratic centralism. In three periods spanning 18 years, Lenin made a systematic and thorough elaboration on the connotation and establishment of the principle and system of democratic centralism. The establishment and development of democratic centralism enriched and developed the doctrine of organizational democracy of Marxist political parties, Marxist theory of the state and Marxist thought of economic management. In the process of establishing and developing democratic centralism, Lenin embodied the innovative spirit of seeking truth from facts, keeping pace with the times, adhering to principles and daring to revise, thus making great contributions to the development of Marxism.