海气动量通量研究综述

Review of research on momentum flux through air-sea interface

海气界面动量通量也称为风应力,是海流和表面海浪的主要驱动力,是海洋从大气获得动量的重要途径。因此,合理可靠的海洋表面风应力的参数化对于海洋、大气和波浪以及气候模式的准确预报都具有非常重要的科学意义和实用价值。对风应力拖曳系数的参数化是风应力参数化的主要内容。近来的观测发现,风应力拖曳系数随着风速的增加出现了先增后减的趋势,同时还与海面的波浪状态以及海流有关。基于观测或理论分析,目前已经得到了一系列的风应力拖曳系数计算方法或公式,有的考虑了海浪的作用,有的没有,但这些方案大都是适合中低风速,在高风速下的适用性还有待检验。本文回顾了目前在海气动量通量观测和参数化方面的研究进展,并建议应增加高风速下风速、海流以及海浪等的同步观测,以进一步完善风应力参数化方案。

The momentum flux of the air-sea interface, also known as wind stress, is the main driving force of ocean currents and surface waves, and is an important mechanism by which the atmosphere conveys momentum to the ocean. Therefore, reasonable and reliable parameterization of the ocean surface wind stress has vital scientific significance and practical value for ensuring accurate predictions by ocean, atmosphere, wave, and climate models. The parameterization of the wind stress drag coefficient is the main factor in wind stress parameterization. Recent observations indicate that the wind stress drag coefficient increases at first and then decreases with increase in wind speed, and it is also related to the wave state of the sea and current. Based on the observation or theoretical analysis, a series of methods or formulas for calculating the drag coefficient of wind stress have been obtained. Some of these consider the effect of sea waves, and some do not, but most of these schemes are suitable for moderate and low wind speeds. However, their applicability at high wind speed remains undefined. In this paper, we review current research progress in the observation and parameterization of the sea-air momentum flux. Based on our findings, we suggest that the synchronous observation of wind speed, sea current, and sea waves should be conducted to further improve the parameterization of wind stress.