凤眼莲净化藻华养殖尾水过程中的潜在病原菌风险

Potential pathogen risk in cyanobacteria-blooming aquaculture wastewater after remediated by water hyacinth

通过高通量测序的方法,研究了漂浮植物在净化藻华养殖废水过程中对潜在病原菌和致病相关基因的影响。结果表明,漂浮植物凤眼莲能够显著降低藻华养殖废水中潜在病原菌的总体水平,但是其中的弓形菌属、螺杆菌属、肠杆菌属细菌水平在凤眼莲处理的12～18 d内出现短暂增长,而密螺旋体属和假单胞菌属细菌水平在凤眼莲处理的30 d时分别攀升至同期藻华养殖废水对照的(6.2±3.5)倍和(44.6±20.9)倍。漂浮植物凤眼莲处理后,藻华养殖废水中与人类代谢、传染和免疫疾病相关的基因水平逐渐低于对照,但是与人类神经疾病相关的基因水平与同期对照相比却提升了36.77%±6.91%。可见,仅靠漂浮植物净化处理不能完全消除养殖废水排放病原菌的风险。

The effects of floating plants on the potential pathogens and pathogenic genes in the phytoremediation of cyanobacteria-blooming aquaculture wastewater were studied by the method of high throughput sequencing. The results showed that water hyacinth could significantly reduce the overall level of potential pathogens in the aquaculture wastewater, but the levels of potential pathogenic genus such as Arcobacter, Helicobacter, Enterobacter, were increased briefly during 12- 18 days of treatment. Moreover, the levels of potential pathogenic genus such as Treponema and Pseudomonas in treatment of the water hyacinth rose to 6.2± 3.5 times and 44.6± 20.9 times of control respectively at day 30. During the process of phytoremediation, the level of genes related to human metabolic, infectious and immune system diseases in wastewater was gradually lower than that in the control, but the level of genes related to human neural diseases was increased by 36.77%± 6.91% compared with that in the control at day 30. It can be been that the method of floating plants remediation can not completely eliminate the risk of pathogens in aquaculture water.