美国治理少年犯罪的恢复性司法及其借鉴

Restorative Justice for Juvenile Delinquency in the United States and Its Reference

恢复性司法是从国外兴起的一种司法理论和程序,其目标是恢复受犯罪行为损害的社会关系。美国治理少年犯罪的实践中采用调解会议、少年法庭等恢复性司法措施,降低了罪错少年的再犯率及犯罪程度。我国在少年司法制度中采取恢复性司法措施有一定可行性,符合对少年犯罪人进行教育、感化、挽救的司法方针及和谐、恤幼的文化传统,能够更好地教育青少年、丰富纠纷解决方式、节约司法资源。我国构建恢复性少年司法程序时,要合理设置所适用案件的范围,注重与传统司法程序的衔接,确保少年司法机构的专业性及当事人参与的自愿性。

Restorative justice is a judicial theory and procedure arising from abroad. Its goal is to restore social relations damaged by criminal behaviors. In the practice of juvenile delinquency control, the United States has effectively reduced the recidivism rate and crime degree of juvenile delinquents by adopting restorative justice programs such as mediation meetings and juvenile courts. It is feasible to introduce restorative justice programs into juvenile justice system in China. It conforms to the judicial policy of educating, probation, and saving juvenile offenders and the cultural tradition of "harmony" and "compassion for the young". It can better educate young people, enrich dispute resolution methods, and save judicial resources. When constructing the restorative juvenile justice procedure in China, it is necessary to reasonably set the scope of the applicable cases and the connection with the traditional judicial procedures, ensure the professionalism of the juvenile judiciary, and ensure the voluntary participation of both parties.